Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Article thick - Essay ExampleCombining these two entities would in fact enable easier analysis of cross-channels due to home(a) data sharing. Integration of e-mail and Facebook increases the likelihood of reaching the target audience. This integration can be each through creation of telecommunicate opt-tabs in the Facebook account or by adding a Facebook like put across in email messages. A social login that operates through a virtuoso click into the individuals website that contain entropy from social networks such as Facebook can also be used to facilitate the conversion of email opt-in tabs. Such social logins could provide necessary information such as email address or other contact modes. A study has also concluded that this is now the most preferred order as compared to filling tiring registration forms. Such integration of services can also be used to test cross-channel data such as time of the day or day of the week. rhythmic pattern used in email operations such as open rate and clickthrough can be applied to posting schedules on Facebook and similarly the interactive windows of Facebook should be incorporated into sending windows of emails. Winning email subject lines and Facebook ads can also be exchanged. Additionally, images having a high clickthrough rate in emails and those which have change magnitude interactive rates on Facebook can be interchanged. In conclusion, the article also stresses that a single editorial calendar could be used by marketers in order to promote action calls in both the channels. By and large the article lays emphasis on breaking the silos of an organization as it except serves to hinder its progress in the current global environment.Kirkpatrick, D. (2013). MarketingSherpa Email Summit 2013 Social Media is email with unspoiled paint. MarketingSherpa Blog. Retrieved 23 March, 2013, from

U.S. & Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

U.S. & Japan - Essay casingIndeed, the nature and outcome of warfare, as of any human endeavor, are largely dependent on the various(prenominal) talents and cumulative experiences of the people who engage in it. To study the material and technological aspects of modern warfare to the excommunication of its emotional, spiritual, and intellectual elements is foolish. The very existence of war requires that one possess non only the sensible instrument to sustain an armed struggle but a mentality that predisposes one to initiate it or remain in it. It follows, then, that hostilities cease when one of these two essential elements has been destroyed--when one combatant no longer possesses any the physical means or the psychological will to carry on the fight. What were the dominant ideologies and institutions of international administration of the twentieth century? At the dawn of the twenty-first century, this seems a particularly appropriate question to ask. What august them, w hat were their limitations, what was their potential, and what prospects do they hold for the new millennium? The purpose of combat operations is to physically destroy the enemys physical and material ability to make war. The objective of psychological operations is to erode his will to continue the fight.John W. Dowers contend without Mercy Race and Power in the Pacific War (New York Pantheon, 1986) is a superb analysis of the invasion of cultural stereotypes and racism on the conduct of the war in the Pacific. 1John W. Dower assesses the fix of racial hatred, cultural stereotypes, and acid psychological factors on the conduct of the Pacific War. Yet his treatment of wartime atrocities, Nipponese adherence to death before dishonor, and Americans obsessed with the task of slaughter reveals only part of the story. Although he refers to the crepuscule of demoralized Japanese soldiers, the subject is peripheral to his work. This is understandable given his focus, yet one is left w ith a very dear impression that such(prenominal) occurrences were extraordinarily rare and insignificant events. More problematic is Dowers avowal that Americans in decision-making positions were so singularly unimpressed with the idea of waging a serious propaganda campaign against the Japanese that such ideas had little impact. In fact, this is not the case. Psywar was not an afterthought on the part of associate military commanders, nor was it of all time perceived as some impractical plaything of effete civilians.2 In their attempts to demoralize Japanese troops Allied propagandists in the Southwest Pacific alone disseminated nearly 400 million propaganda leaflets and witnessed the conquer of approximately 19,500 Japanese prisoners. The dearth of historical inquiry into the conduct of psywar against the Japanese, likely results from assumptions that deserve closer scrutiny. nonpareil such assumption seems to be that psywar could not have been effective against an enemy so th oroughly indoctrinated in a tradition that emphasized death before dishonor and the supreme virtues of loyalty to the emperor, unquestioning obedience to ones superiors, and self-sacrifice in the service of the nation. To be sure, soldiers in the IJA were thoroughly imbued with these values. But just as it did not prevent them from experiencing defeat on the battlefield, military indoctrination did not safeguard the emperors soldiers from the ill effects of demoralization. The evidence shows that as the war progressed and Allied military successes mounted, morale among Japanese combatants markedly declined and Japanese soldiers became increasingly susceptible to the Allied war of words. Pacific War narratives provide graphic images of the brutal fighting in the Pacific, the atrocities committed by combatants, and the fight-to-the-death mentality that dominated among all fighting men in what has been characterized as a savage aftermath war.

Economics essay Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics essay - Term Paper ExampleSome consumers may wish to ingest houses at higher rates than P and sellers may violate the existing lawfulness by accepting these wrongs offered. Therefore, sellers may accept scathe E because the consumers leave be willing to rent rates above P as competition arises among consumers who strive to acquire the scarce commodity. The prices will go high up to E which is illustrated in the diagram below. The beat demanded exceeds Qs at any lower price than E, and consumers effort remains intensified. The market reaches the Equilibrium only when the price reaches P. The competitory price is D. The price the suppliers will receive is P regardless of the higher price due to price ceilings. Hence, price E is used in calculating the consumers supererogatory. Producers surplus is calculated using P. In both cases, the actual quantity of houses is Qs. According to Taylor and Weerapana (194), when the government imposes price ceiling, producers will s ell less quantity at lower prices and will lose some profits. If some consumers purchase products at higher prices, producers will gain. However, other consumers will lose because the supplies will be scarce. According to Hirschey (437), dead weight loss results from competitive market equilibrium deviations. He further asserts that deadweight loss can occur to both consumers and producers and is not transferable. Instead, losings arise from imperfections in the market and government policies. Deadweight loss is known as welfare loss triangle. This is because when elongate curves of supply and demand are used, deadweight losses are portrayed as triangles.From the figure above, the effects of craft of price ceiling on both the consumer and producer surplus is shown. The sum of consumer and producer surplus in front the price ceiling was imposed is shown by the area of triangle ABC, the area BCD shows consumer surplus and the producer surplus is

Writing a response letter to the author Assignment

Writing a response letter to the indite - Assignment ExampleThe response to my letter was welcome, and I lever your concern regarding editing your expression. I took respect of the questions you highlighted about the proposals I made in my previous letter. Consequently, aspects about changing the font to champion identical one will be done away with in the editing to conform to the magazines requirements.Another point I took note of regards the use of bullets and numbering. On this, I would still consider using bullets for the technique in discussion and rime for the steps involved in that technique. This is because bullets are for single unrelated points while numbers are for a chronology of related ideas. Nonetheless, I would still appreciate your guidance on the matter as your views are principal in the matter.The other changes that involve the spacing between paragraphs are to remain in the revised draft in order that the article looks more readable and sound structured. This is because a well structured article appeals more to a reader than even a well written one (Cargill & OConnor 25). Alternatively, your guidance on the matter is still highly welcome. Despite all these, I appreciate your response on the matter and look forward to hearing from you soon. Your cooperation in the subject of editing your article is highly esteemed and I am willing to effect any changes you will authorize. On this, I would still consider using bullets for the technique in discussion and numbers for the steps involved in that technique. This is because bullets are for single unrelated points.

Hanover-Bates Chemical Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hanover-Bates Chemical Corporation - Case Study ExampleDistrict 1, 2 and 7 movements got little profits as they surpassed their gross profit quote a little (Spiro, et. al, 2008).The performance of neon regulate as compared to other districts is constantly low. Other districts performed better than the set target or a little low, while northeast district performed very low. The sale of the northeast district is high, besides profits are low if it is accessed in comparison with northeast central (Spiro, et. al, 2008). So, in totality, northeast district is continuously performing low as compared with other districts.Jim Sprague is quite less experienced as the sweet sales manager of the northeast district. However, the companys management has trust in his skills. Hank Carver, an experienced and appreciative sales representative is interested to quit his job. The northeast district has poor performance and is unable to disturb the gross profit quote. The district is not capable t ake benefit of potential future accounts. Their sales representative pay expenses are higher as compared to other districts. The sales representatives of northeast district cave in elevated own selling operating expenses. Northeast district is short of paying attention to major and medium ranged accounts (Spiro, et. al, 2008).Managements role in improving poor performance in the northeast district is very crucial. The management should support Jim in his task by appointing supporting experienced assistant. in that location should be a biyearly analysis of the district in comparison with other districts. There should be incentives for outclass performers to motivate sales reps. The management should be revise its standards for the poor performing districts.Jim Sprague should install a monitoring system for the evaluation of expenses related to sales representatives (Spiro, et. al, 2008). He should conduct meetings to inform the sales reps just about their elevated salaries in com parison to the sales reps of other districts and

Outlining research area that would like to pursue for my doctoral Proposal

Outlining area that would like to pursue for my doctoral dissertation - Research Proposal exerciseAn example of a leader who has demonstrated consideration leadership is Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who is the current President of the Unites Arab Emirates. Using Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, this research discipline proposes to enquire how servant leadership that has been demonstrated by him has contributed to the peaceful political environment in the country, which is contrary to some other Islamic states such as Syria, Yemen, and Egypt that have continued to witness political arrest over the past few years (Beaumont, 47-49). Secondly, the research study proposes to establish how the Presidents servant leadership has created a condusive environment for economic progress that UAE has recorded over the past years.The research pass on employ an inquiring approach, which will apply the use of secondary and primary research methods. Under primary research methods, the detective will randomly select participants from the UAE in order to get their view on the effect of servant leadership in creating a peaceful political environment and condusive environment for economic progress.This research study will be based on the concept of total quality management but it will take a roundabout way from the common studies that have been undertaken in regards to this concept, which have largely been centered on management issues. Moreover, studies conducted by Creech stated that total quality management (TQM) at creating excellence and due to this position (8) it focuses on promoting the right attitudes within organisations and even implementing control measures in order to avoid costly mistakes (Evans and Lindsey, 45-48). The detour will lead to a research study that seeks to investigate the impact of TQM on the level of productiveness amongst the employees. Productivity in this context will refer to the performance measure of both employee effectiveness an d

China's Dangerous Overvaluation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China&aposs Dangerous Overvaluation - Article physical exertionBased upon labour costs and trade patterns, author is of the view that kwai is certainly overvalued by close to 15% suggesting that its time for China to take corrective measures. occasion suggests measuring increasing drive costs as one of the indicators to measure how much the currency has appreciated and as well as cites the fact that labor costs have increased more than the overall profitability of the Chinese companies.Author indicates that any nevertheless appreciation in the currency would actually be more harmful for the country because the overall aim of debt has been creeping up in the economy which would ultimately hurt the domestic consumption in China.Author suggests that to arrest the appreciation of Yuan, one way could be to allow domestic prices to adjust to the appreciated Yuan however this may result into difficult economic consequences whereas rebalancing from investment to consumption is recomm ended as an easier way to divvy up Yuan.Probably one of the biggest weaknesses of the article is the absence of any figures and data based upon which author made the claims. almost all the arguments are without any solid economic data and most arguments are relatively theoretical in nature. It would have been much better had the author used the real economic data to flow out the appreciation trends in the value of Yuan against the major international currencies specially US Dollar.It is also critical to note that China has basically not highlighted as to how an appreciated Yuan have been benefiting Chinese economy in maintaining healthy trade surplus besides emerging as the leading trade oriented economy in the world.An increase in the labor costs may not be one of the basic indicators of measuring the appreciation in Yuan. An increase in labor costs may also be due to the increasing specialization within the Chinese economy and the fact that Chinese workers may be gaining more advanced skills. Gaining more

Trying to Downsize Try Downsizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trying to Downsize Try Downsizing - Essay ExampleThe antecedent quotes Lola ORourke, spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association, as saying, If people could simply reduce their portions by a third, they would cut kayoed a huge amount of calories. The author cites a study that was reported in fleshiness and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. The study found that dieters who used pre-packaged managed portions lost significantly more weight than a group that were allowed to pick out their own portions.Being able to select the proper amount of fodder to consume is the first describe to successful dieting. The author suggests that we simply become more aware of the serving size. She contends that the size of pocketels, cheeseburgers, and soft drinks generate grown dramatically in recent years and has resulted in calories that have more than doubled. In the midst of this super-sized climate its important that the dieter be able to select the correct amount.Doheny suggests spl itting a meal with a partner or simply ordering a smaller portion. Of course, there is always the doggy bag to take home food that is in excess of your dieting needs. The author also suggests we weigh our food at home when we prepare it. In the event that weighing is not possible she offers several tips on visualizing the correct portions.

Why must religion be based on faith rather than on knowledge Research Paper - 1

Why must religion be based on confidence rather than on noesis - Research Paper ExampleAre these thoughts about paragon born out of companionship or out of strong faith?Philosophers contended that the infinity of God cannot be comprehended by the hold capacity of human beings to understand His greatness. Ancient and medieval philosophers have in fact attempted to through empirical observation grasp Gods existence, albeit done purely through intellectual pursuits. Various theological positions were do and written. Augustine of Hippo, who hailed from North Africa and have converted from Manichaenism to Christianity, posited that thought credo ut intelligengiam or I believe so that I may understand. Such assert that human reason is essential only for those who possess faith and thus, human beings rational capacity to reason is effective in obtaining general knowledge about the world and of God. He viewed that part of the innate nature of human being is to commit reprehensible act s. This, for him, is integrated in the Divine plan which allowed persons to choose to do good or evil. The unbearable consequences of crappy acts always made human beings choose do what is good.Advocate of naturalism perceived that God is everywhere. He is with nature and in the plurality of realities. They argued that God unify everything and can be known through the layers of lift which flows with the Divine essence. Platos philosophy of idealism, on the other hand, made such epistemic principle that God is intangible, an impersonal entity encompassing the causes of all ideas. Plato professed that God is an abstract, timeless and unchanging reality. God is an absolute being and an unending being (Plato, 2003). He professed that the perception of God separated the physical world from the intelligible realm (Plato, 2003).doubting Thomas Aquinas (1993), also a medieval thinker, argued that theology is not an object of science and is only philosophically pursued by understanding th e metaphysics of Gods existence. He however considered the divine thoughts are scribed in a sacred

United States (US) NURSING SHORTAGE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

United States (US) NURSING SHORTAGE - Assignment ExampleBy passing the Patient Protection and Affordable Act aforementioned, the Obama administration achieved a milestone in catch to expanding Americans access to universal healthcare services. Access will also include services provided by two Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) and RNs. Accordingly, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) meets in collaboration with policy makers, schooling institutions, the media and breast feeding organizations. This is aimed at bringing general public attention to this concern. Importantly is the fact that policy fashioning ought to consider the aspect of continued growth, in terms of health care needs (Rosseter, 2014).An aging nursing workforce and a diminishing avenue of new nursing student influence this situation. This shortage, it should be noted, is universe faced all round the world, with nations enhancing their implementation of various policies towards address ing the issue. Pertinent to the situation is the issue of improved scientific and technological expertise, therefore, only necessitating only the sickest of patients to undergo intense treatment, under hospital stay. Thus, specialized and masterly work force is greatly in demand abate the lack of optimal supply rate (Littlejohn et al., 2012, p. 23).Unfortunately, in the USA these issues are being experience, just as a major segment of the nursing creation is retiring vis--vis an expanding health care sector. The result is that health institutions and clinical settings require more nurses especially those skilled in specialized care provision more than ever. Statistically, it was noted that there was an increase in the average age of working registered nurse workforce. From this aspect, it is predictable for almost half of the nursing population being decrepit 50 years and above in the near future. Adding to this is the fact that as these registered

Theory Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory Synthesis - Essay caseFor instance, in this paper, we focus on the postulation that thither exists a gap in practice theories where nurses repoint partiality in the manner they treat outpatients as comp bed to the manner of treating the patients who are admitted. Introduction The study in the speculative structures that govern nurse practices reveal that nurses sustenance for patients holistically (patients as easy(p) as their family members) more when they are admitted than when they are on the outpatient setting. Therefore, there is the need to breech the gap in the holistic care of outpatients in order to restore effectiveness and efficiencies in the breast feeding profession. All patients, regardless of being admitted or tempered under outpatient settings rely on the nursing services as advanced by the nursing practitioners. The nursing profession on the other hand has been shown to rely on the theoretic frameworks in order to work out the effective delivery of ca ring services to patients. Therefore, nursing theories complement the nursing practice in help patients. From the previous literature review, a gap is established between the nursing practice and theory and this forms the primer of this paper. Synthesize the knowledge gained in the area you studied during this course The study of the interrelationship between theoretical and practical aspects in the nursing profession has revealed a lot of incites which form the basis of this paper. Among other features noted, nursing is purely a scientific discipline whose success wholly depends on the proper adoption and applications programme of scientific theories (Swanson, 1991 Risjord, nd ). Scientific theories are frameworks that have been in application over decades in explaining scientific phenomena and are testable and universally accepted. Nursing as a profession is therefore based on scientific research and hence runs under the guidance of such defined theoretical frameworks. However, research studies have been utilise to reveal that there exists some gap between the be theories and the actual practice by the nursing professionals. In often times, the inpatients enjoy higher attention and improved care by the nurses as compared to the patients receiving care in the outpatient department. This gap shows that there is inadequacy in the existing theories to guide the nursing professionals in care to needs of patients both at the customized care set up within hospitals inpatient programs as well as at the outpatient departments. We therefore note that there is great need to breach the gap existing between practice and the nursing theories. Our particular attention will be on breaching this gap by proposing and evaluating the provisions of a theory that addresses a patient as an entity, the family and community from which the patient hails as well as the nurse as most critical component in the recovery process. Though there lacks particular theories to address the d isparity between nursing practices towards inpatients as and outpatients, there are some theoretical formulations which holistically empowers nurses to play a critical role in recovery process of patients both admitted and the outpatients. Propose a component of a theoretical framework that addresses a gap following the theory development mathematical process you learned It is worth noting that the formulation of theories

Writting assessmet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writting assessmet - Essay ExampleHe was against the conceit of family life that was being developed by the bourgeoisie family whose priority had shifted to wealth from love. This exemplifies the contemporary democratic American family lifestyle as Marx predicted in his Communist Manifesto.3. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto sheds light on the different classes created during that period. conflict and exploitation have been the main driving force of the relationship two main classes The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. They both(prenominal) remain at conflict with each other because of their economic disparity as the Bourgeoisie course of action is associated with wealth, politics and social power while Proletariats only source of power is their dexterity to work. While there remains a constant strive between the two, the irony was that they could not brave step forward without each other. The Bourgeoisie needed the hard work of the Proletariat while the Pr oletariat was depended on the currency and the work provided by the Bourgeoisie. The Proletariat fought for the power to prevent being exploited. It was perhaps on account of this constant striving that labor unions helped provide some power to the Proletariat during the American Steel Revolution.4. Schumpeter pointed out that the entire society would be able to take advantage of the upsurge of total output. He further pointed out that it was the lower income status group that would be able to enjoy the most advantage. He attributed this prediction to the occurrence that as the income increased all over Europe, the buying power would eventually increase and people would be more willing to spend on buying and attaining new products and services.5. David S. Landes, in his book, points out three asterisk reasons for increase in the average income of the common man in Europe after the Industrial Revolution. Firstly, machines took over the job of people and skills and mastery was no longer in demand secondly, the concept of mass exertion where products were

Self-Presentation and Gender on Social Networking Sites Research Paper

Self-Presentation and sexual practice on Social Networking Sites - Research Paper ExampleThese sites allow the users to create a profile that reflects their identity. A study by Magnuson and Dundes (2008) about the MySpace Profiles for 51 females and 49 males revealed that women had a better self-importance redeemation profiles on MySpace than men. also they were to a greater extent active that the males. The studies also revealed that although females dominate the mixer network sites, they have to depend on others for their sense of self as they do traditionally depend on the male in their families. A similar study by Manago et.al. (2008) revealed that social networking sites were a means to explore ones experience identity, engage into social comparison and express idealised aspects of selves they had dreamt to be. This paper tries to identify the ways in which males and females present themselves online in the social networking environment. The paper also intends to check if culture influences self presentation of sexual activitys in social networking. Keywords Social Networking Sites, Gender Difference, Self-Presentation Self-Presentation and Gender on Social Networking Sites Self-presentation is a very important aspect of immediatelys globalised world. According to Leary (1996) Self-presentation is kind of impression management, which is the management of others impressions of a social whole such as wad or organisation (p. 17). ... Thus this subject has also attracted researchers to the study the gender differences in self-presentation on these sites. A study by Kornblum (2006) revealed the exploded popularity of these SNSs with users numbering to hundreds of millions in the recent years. notwithstanding self-presentation on SNSs differs from face-to-face self-presentation. Self-presentation on SNSs differs because one can inspect, edit and revise ones self presentation before it is available to others (Walther, Slovacek & Tidwell, 2001, p.110). These sites proclaim to help deal get connected and share with the people in their lives. Thus SNSs create a real-life social network for people online. Although the SNSs are a facts of life of a real-life social network but the environment provided by the SNSs differs greatly from real life (cited in Hinduja and Patchin, 2008, p. 127). The studies have revealed that several people have 1000 other people on their friend come which is nearly impossible in the real life. These SNSs provide people with unique opportunities to stay connected to more people than they might otherwise have and to be able to know in their real lives. Also people can construct any kind of image about themselves that they would like to portrait to the people on their friend list. The self-presentation on these SNSs allows the users to construct an audience as they can add or overthrow friends from their social network in just seconds, with no more efforts but just a jailhouse on the mouse. Past research suggests that these SNSs are most popular among adolescents as it allows them to experiment with their identity. Research also suggests that adolescent girls use SNSs more than the adolescent boys as it

Sigmund Freud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Sigmund Freud - Essay Example(Cherry, 2014)Freuds theory states that all intuitive energy is produced by the libido. Freud proposed that our mental states were affected by two contending strengths cathexis and anticathexis. Cathexis was portrayed as a pay of mental energy in an individual, thought or object. Through anticathexis ego prevents the id from performing actions that are not socially acceptable. In addition to this Freud believed that humanity behaviour was motivated by two gut feelings emotional state and death. Life is connected to basic needs such as survival and etc. Death replete(predicate) is related to self destructive behaviour.In the basic structure of personality the mind is organized in two ways, consciousness and unconsciousness. The conscious mind includes all those things that we are aware of. The unconscious mind consists of things alike wishes, desires, memories and etc our mind is not aware of these however they continue to have an influence on our mi nd. He compared the human mind to an iceberg. The tip that is visible represents the consciousness and the rest represents the unconsciousness. Freud also divides the mind into three different modules the id, ego and superego.The stages of development state that as children grow they go through some psychosexual stages. At distributively stage the libido focuses on a different body part. If however there is a problem in one of the stages, the process of development capacity get stuck. There can be obsession with something that might be related to that stage. (Cherry, 2014)Sigmund Freud, in addition to his excellent and sweeping theories of the human mind, he left his clinical depression on various people who turned out to be some of psychologys superlative researchers. Some of the well known names are Anna Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung and Erik Erikson. (Cherry, 2014). However he was confronted by Otto Rank,

World War I - Why did the Senate choose to Ratify the Treaty of Essay

World War I - Why did the Senate choose to Ratify the Treaty of Versailles - canvass ExampleArticle 10 of the League Covenant required a pledge that all the Nations in the League come to help one another in case of an attack against any of them. The leave out of a clause that such action could only be materialized through a unanimous choose of the council infuriated the Senate. Clearly the only solution was to stay away from any European conspiracy and stop a separate peace with Germany. While Wilsons Fourteen Points forced Germany to sign a outer space check as an account for the damages of the War, they had to go through an inevitable bout of isolationism, which could have resulted in the rise of Hitler and the II World War. Moreover the study European nations like Britain, France and Italy felt that Wilsons popular opinion of the League of Nations may affect their national interests thus impeding his vision of a World Parliament. The Senates opposition was based mostly on i ts fear that the situation will lead to other major European conflicts, which was not at all unfounded. Moreover, America as a nation had an isolationist place at that time, never wanting to get involved in international political turmoil. The Senate wanted to be left alone and not be dragged into the new world order. They were strongly against the Versailles Treaty and refused to ratify

Pick an idea from the book,In The Belly of the Beast by Jack Henry Essay

Pick an idea from the book,In The Belly of the Beast by Jack Henry Abbott), and discuss intimately it.Write it on the paper if you ar - Essay ExampleAuthorities at prison deemed him vulnerable for the purlieu of the jail. When he fights against the filth, the psychiatric torture of the jail administration and insults, he is hated. This was the situation that forced Abbott to write so harsh about the world. He was of those who had found ill-luck to go with them for the whole of their life. He was forced to bring up the cruel mentality which allowed no one and non even for a second to agitate against his wish. He developed a strange opinion of the world to him, the people can be treated whole with bullets and swords. He tells the same demerit in his mentality in the words The only time they search human is when you have a knife at their throats. The instant you remove it, they fall back into animal nature (Abbott and Mailer 83). One of the most interesting ideas which Abbot prese nts in his letters from jail is the one appealing towards communism. His life-long sufferings, flaw in mental health, the brutalities of the company and his own violent behavior made him believe that there was no God. The theories which the religions produce about God or gods are all false, according to Abbott. Had there been any God, he would surely have helped Abbott to get out of his sorrows. The world could non understand the genius in him and had there been God, there would have been no need for Abbott to explain his innocence before the world. Abbott expresses the cruelties the world has done to him in the words And what is so odd about it all is that society has denied me the experience it enjoys (or thinks it enjoys). The oddity exists in the circumstance that I cannot know from experience what I have missed, so why am I not happy? I have been denied the society of others it is as simple as that (Abbott and Mailer 146). Because the society denied him his due rights, he ag itated against it. His agitations rancid violent causing bloodshed and he had to bear the consequences in the shape of endless solitude in jail. In In The Belly Of The Beast, he complains that the society could not treat him wish well he deserved. At this stage, he wants the society be reproached by the God for his maltreatment. But the God does not do it and he arrives at the conclusion that all the miseries happened to him because there was no God. He is troubled by the concept of God. This idea developed because he sees no solution for his troubles. It reveals he has cried a lot for a God to be there to listen to him. It shows his state of hopelessness against anticipation. He was in fact in dire need of God to solve all his problems but when disappointed, he created his hypothesis by impressive Mailer that God was the concept which the human creates of his own and which is created due to despair. Communism is, according to him, the cure of all the diseases. Abbott resembles in fact aligns to Marx in his views. He believes that communism is above all the religions and it should be adopted likewise. In a communist society, all are told that they can get what they want irrespective of their abilities and capabilities. Abbott was unable to find luxuries for his life. It turned him violent and at last a vulnerable criminal ready for bloodshed every time. He could guess no reason behind his violence but the society which behaved brutally towards him. He model he had to react in a harsher way. The only solution his mind picked was his yearning for a society where he could find everything he wished whether due or undue. When this was his mindset, the

The Benefits of Organic Food to Human Health Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of constituent(a) Food to Human Health EssayOrganic refers to the way agricultural solid foods is produced and processed. It is using methods and materials that argon of measly impact to the environment. And the primary goal is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants and people. Research publish in a 2001 study showed that the current fruit and ve contributeables that are conventionally boastful in the united States shoot about half the vitamin content of their counter articulations in 1963. The study was based on a affinity of published USDA figures. Produced in thorough farm, perfect fertilizer food is grown under government supervision. therefore it is healthier for the environment which it is produce with an organic fertilizer farming method that are less(prenominal) disruptive to the ecosystem and less dependent on chemical. . In today society, people are always in search of factors that retort them an edge in maximum their health. As we all known a healthy diet and give up rest all has an impact on our health. Therefore there has been an overwhelming group of people that rely the benefits of organic food.Many people purchase organic food because it contains to a greater extent nutrient than conventionally grown food. Its true there have been more than than a hundred studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and non-organic foods. Official food composition tables, including data compiled by the US Department of Agriculture, reveal that since the 1940s the mineral levels in fruits, vegetables, meat and dairy have declined substantially in conventional foods. Combine this with longer storage, and more processing of crops and its not surprising that we may be getting fewer nutrients in our food than we were 60 yrs ago.The drippy fertilization associated with conventional crops produces lush growth by swelling produce with more water. On a pound-for-pound basis, organ ic food has more dry matter (i. e. iron). We pot expect also that phytonutrients, which are antioxidants involved in the plants own defense system, will be higher in organic produce because crops rely more on their own defenses in the absence of regular applications of chemical pesticides. manifest is emerging that confirms this expectation. Higher levels have so far been found of lycopene in organic tomatoes, polyphenols in organic potatoes and flavonols in organic apples.A recent review of the subject estimated that organic produce will incline to contain 10-50% higher phytonutrients than conventional produce. ( Mark Jeantheau,2005) Partly because of this and for former(a) reasons too, there are higher levels of nutrients in organic produce. Research by Ameri kindle nutritionist Virginia Worthington has confirmed that, based on the dietary patterns, the differences can be enough to help you achieve certain nutrients that you otherwise might not get. Despite of improve a perso n nutrient level intake, organic food also has a lower pesticides residue.A Consumer Union report found that fresh peaches, frozen and fresh winter squash, apples, grapes, spinach, pears, and green beans had some of the highest toxicity Index ratings. (Edward Groth III,February 1999). However conventional-food provider also claims that pesticide residues are no threat to human health. Yet consumers intuitively know this is a false assurance. In 1999, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) estimated that nationwide there were at least 10,000 to 20,000 physician-diagnosed pesticide illnesses and injuries per year in farm work.Exposure to pesticides can cause a range of ill effects in humans, from relatively mild effects such as headaches, fatigue, and nausea, to more serious effects such as cancer and neurological disorders. (U. S. General Accounting Office, GAO-01-815, Page 4, August 2001). Researchers have linked symptoms such as headaches, tremor, and lack of energy, depression , anxiety, poor memory, dermatitis, convulsions, nausea, indigestion and diarrhea with dietary intakes of pesticides.It also has claimed that women diagnosed with breast cancer are sestet to nine times more likely to have the pesticides DDT or hexachlorobenzene in their bloodstreams compared to women who did not have breast cancer. Organic food also has no harmful and less food additives. Antibiotics, growth promoters and other additives are added to non-organic meat during the animals life and while the meat is prepared for consumption. Normal intensive farming methods imagine that animals live in overcrowded, unhealthy conditions where disease would quickly spread through the herd where antibiotics not used.Although antibiotics are still used to treat organically reared animals, the healthier living conditions of the animals mean that antibiotics are used prudently to treat specific ailments, rather than as a preventative method. Once the animal has been slaughtered and the mea t is beingness prepared for human consumption, additives are often added to it to improve the flavour, colour or texture of the meat, or to be it stay fresh longer. (T. H. Carson,2005). Organic food producers are prohibited from using additives that research has shown may be harmful to human health, such as sulphur dioxide or artificial colourings.But as our organic meat is reared more naturally, the meat has its own natural flavour, texture and colour, and does not need any artificial enhancers Besides that, children also need organic food the most as childrens are generally prompt on developing organs, brains, and detoxification, however weak on immune systems. Children also have a bulky intake of food per kilo of body weight. Children may be at risk of higher depiction to the toxins found in nonorganic food because the food is often made up of condensed fruits or vegetables, potentially concentrating pesticide residues.Pesticides bewilder special concerns to children becaus e of their high metabolisms and low body weights. More than 1 million children between the ages of 1 and 5 ingest at least 15 pesticides every day from fruits and vegetables. More than 600,000 of these children eat a point of organophosphate insecticides that the federal government considers unsafe, and 61,000 eat doses that exceed benchmark levels by a factor of 10 or more. (Ranchers and Foresters,1998, pp. 1-3. ).Meanwhile, artificial colorings and preservatives in food and drink are thought to contribute to hyperactivity in pre-school children, and while some(prenominal) still contest this issue, a recent study in the UK found that the proportion of hyperactive children was halved when additives were upstage from their diets. Many additives such as preservatives, artificial sweeteners, colorings and flavorings, MSG, hydrogenated fat, and phosphoric acid are prohibited in organic food production. As a conclusion, it is so important that the organic food benefits be made alert t o the people as it offers a lot of good benefits to human health.Many people usually love why there are so many diseases these days. Therefore, making a commitment to organic food means making a commitment to your health. Organic food is how foods supposed to be, a valuable part of any regimen intended to maintain, improve, or restore health. Although there are many different benefits that we can get from the consumption of organic food, the most basic organic food health benefit that we get is pure, clean fruits, vegetables and other foods and a lot more healthier.

The direction Germanys Foreign Policy took between 1871 and 1890 Essay Example for Free

The direction Germ eachs Foreign Policy took amidst 1871 and 1890 EssayTo what extent was capital of North Dakota in go through of the direction Germanys Foreign Policy took between 1871 and 1890?To this very day Otto Von capital of North Dakota abides unmatchable of the close signalificant political figureheads of modern Germany. This stature derives from his contri scarcelyion to the creation and shaping of the modern German state as Prussian minister president and imperial chancellor from 1862 to 1890. Until his relinquishation in 1890, von capital of North Dakota had a relatively freehand in conducting foreign policy. After three no-hit state of warfares, he axiom his task as promoting tranquilityfulness and gaining time so that the berthful German pudding stone would come to be accepted as natural. von von von Bismarcks two areas of concern were the Balkans, where the disintegration of the Turkish empire could easily lead to fighting between the Habsburg m onarchy and Russia, and France, where the desire to avenge the defeat at Sedan was strong. In each area a general atomic number 63an conflagration could flare up and involve Germany. In the pastime I am firing to investigate the extent of which Bismarck was in control of Germanys Foreign Policy between 1871 and 1890.In the two ten-spots proceeding the unification of Germany Bismarck was the dominant statesman of Europe, controlling the policy of Germany, settling disputes between other countries, and entangling all of Europe into a complex web of alignments and fancyings, all of which were intended to preserve peace in Europe. If Germany made a foolish decision, this could ensue the disintegration of the whole dodge. In dress to understand how the clay created by Bismarck was dependant on Germany it is necessary to examine the predicament each proponent was in. The powers can be divided into two different classes the satiated powers, Germany and Britain who were quick-witt ed with the status quo and the malcontent powers, France, Russia and Austria-Hungary, which quieten had inte appease in European expansionIn my discernment, champion man cannot control the course of unitary nations history, although there can be no disputing that Bismarck was a wonder salutaryy skillight-emitting diode and talented politician, I feel he acted to situations as they arose, kind of than orchestrating events. in that respectfore I perceive Bismarck as an interventionist rather than an intentionalist.It is possible to conclude that if a European conflict were to develop, it would occur in one of two places. The initiative possibility was a conflict between France and Germany over the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine on the Rhine the second would be a conflict involving either Austria or Britain against Russia in the Balkans. wizard argument to imply that Bismarck was in liberal control of the direction of German Foreign Policy between 1871 and 1890 was his radical c hange of policy. In the decade preceding the Unification, Germany was involved in three wars, which Bismarck had instigated, in order to achieve the United Germany. For the rest of Bismarcks career Germany re of imported at peace (Lee, Stephen one of the leading historians of European history, he presents both arguments on my debate, thusly he is a reliable historian to quote). Bismarck wanted to focus on economiseing the unified Germany as it was. This is very clear and accurate as for twenty years, following the Unification Germany was never at war.One possibility where a European Conflict could occur was between France and Germany on the Rhine. It could be argued that Bismarck was in full in control of this situation and that the isolation of France was due to Bismarcks careful planning. It may be suggested that Bismarck turn over that France would eventually seek revenge for their defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck was not afraid of France alone, but he wanted to g o steady that France would not align herself with Russia or Austria therefore he set about separate France through a series of complex and intricate treaties. The first of Bismarcks complex web of league was the Dreikaiserbund (1872), as well as known as the League of the Three Emperors (1872). Bismarcks aim for forming this League was to isolate France by expanding relations with Austria and Russia. The partners were Kaiser William I of Germany, czar Alexander II of Russia and Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria. These three rulers agree to maintain the existing territorial arrangements in Europe to resist the spread of revolutionary (e.g. socialist) movements and to consult one another if any international difficulties arose. France was deviously being diplomatically isolated.This understanding, strengthened Germanys position in Europe and helped to maintain the Status Quo. A upgrade strategy of Bismarcks in the isolation of France was how Bismarck had tactfully encouraged Fran ce to expand overseas in the go for of diverting her attention away from Alsace-Lorraine. French annexation of Tunis in northern Africa in 1881 estranged Italy. Italy was thus driven into Bismarcks camp in anger. Therefore Italy joined The two-fold concretion of 1882. The terms of the alliance if Italy or Germany were fervoured by France, each would aid the other if Austria was attacked by Russia, Italy would remain objective, although Austria would aid Italy if she was attacked by France if one of the parties was attacked by two or more powers, the other signatories were to come to her aid and at Italys request, both Austria and Germany agreed that in no side would the accordance operate against Britain.Consequently, by this time, a all-powerful bloc had been form in pennyral Europe. Germany was now guaranteed against Russia by Austria, and against France by Italy. Bismarck had successfully unplowed the friendship of Russia, Austria and Italy and kept France completely iso lated. He was indeed a skilful diplomat who was able to handle the European powers for Germanys advantage. Moreover, following these alliances, Bismarck formed the Reinsurance Treaty (1887) with Russia. This Treaty on its face did not do much.Both Russia and Germany promised to remain neutral in case the other was involved in a war with a swell power, except for a Russian attack on Austria, or a German one on France. Since there were the only two possible conflicts, it seems the treaty might be useless. This, however, is not true. As Bismarck explained, Our relations with Russia depend exclusively on the personal feeling of the Tsar Alexander III, and such a treaty brought Germany up a notch in the Tsars eyes. Thus the Treaty lead to better Russo-German understanding, and at least temporarily lowered the chance of a Russo-French alliance. The complicated set of treaties and alliances show Bismarck to be in control and carefully planning for all eventualities. James Joll supports t his view Bismarck needed to ensure that France remained isolated and thus unable to think in terms of revenge for 1870 and of war for the deducty of Alsace Lorraine.On the other hand, a case can be constructed to argue that Bismarck was not in full control, that he was a revisionist, reacting to events as they arose, this is obvious in the instance of Bismarcks policy of French isolation. According to D. Richards, Bismarck was giveing to run the risk of alienating French feeling because, Firstly. France would take many years to recover from the Franco-Prussian war. Secondly. he could use the bogey of a French war of revenge to make the Reichstag maintain a high level of German armaments. And. Thirdly. his diplomatic genius could backing France isolated. But the first of these assumptions was grossly misplaced, viewing Bismarcks naivety. The French recovery was faster that Bismarck had anticipated. The indemnity was paid off by 1873 and they rebuilt their army.The popular French press began to demand the return of Alsace Lorraine. During 1874 and 1875 the French increased their regiment sizes by approximately thirty- quin per cent and ordered an extension of the cavalry and armaments division. Bismarck made a further blunder, believing that the French establishing an overtly democratic Republic would frighten off Russia and Britain, Bismarck demanded an increase in the army bud astound from the Reichstag. This led to the German press commenting on a war in sight crisis. Moreover, Britain and Russia pledged their allegiance to France if Germany declare war. From this it appears as if Bismarck lived in the moment and responded to its challenge (Taylor, again Taylor is another leading historian on this topic and is a reliable source). He reacted to problems as they manifested rather than avoiding them. Also, from this it seems as though, Bismarck caused many of the problems. perchance the nigh definitive argument supporting the intentionalist viewpoint is B ismarcks role as the in force(p) broker at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, he was more interested in European peace than German Empire building. Bismarck can clearly been seen as one of the strongest proponents of peace in the Eastern Crisis of 1877, this is apparent, even before the crisis. Bismarck understood that there was a European Conflict, just waiting to happen in the Balkans. He cut that Russia, occupying the majority of Europes eastern flank, her interests lay in the expansion of her power in the Balkans, with her ultimate finale being the straits and Tsarograd. Bismarck construed that Austria-Hungary was the opposition to Russian expansion, as it had been expanding in that direction since 1866.Russia was the more powerful state, and Austria would need Germanys financial support to defeat it. However, Russia feared a recreation of the Crimean Alliance, if she was to move to close to the Straits. To control the problem, in 1876, Bismarck proposed a solution, he suggest ed that Britain take Egypt and the Suez, Austria take Bosnia, while the Russians take Bulgaria, which left a much bleached Turkey to occupy the Straits, removing one of the sore spots of Europe off the map (Langer). Bismarck saw that the Balkans was the most likely place for a major conflict to occur and had reduced the chances of this. Despite, Bismarcks earlier attempts a crisis in the east developed when Russia was quick to react to the plight of the Slavs when Turkey attempted to quench an rebellion in Bulgaria.Britain was not as antagonistic to Russian expansion as it had been previously. British public opinion moved to the Turkish side, after(prenominal) the tiny fortress of Plevna held out against Russian assaults for five months. Moreover the Treaty of San Stefano lay counter to 1877 accords signed with Austria, and was also highly offensive to Britain, since it gave Bulgaria, and via Bulgaria to Russia access to the Mediterranean. The decision of the powers was that the eastern enquire was to be decided at a Congress of Berlin, with the German chancellor acting as honest broker. Under the Congress, and Bismarcks advising the newly created Bulgaria was split into three parts Bulgaria, Rumelia and Macedonia. Macedonia stayed under Turkish control. Rumelia was to be administered by Turkey, but Turkish troops never reoccupied the province.Bulgaria was to be set up as an independent state, but in reality was to be a Russian puppet. Austria was allowed to occupy, though not to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bismarck was extremely important to a peaceful settlement of the crisis. Even before the crisis, Bismarck was approached by Russia, asking if Germany would remain neutral in case of an Austro-Russian war. Bismarcks response was very similar to all his responses to this question throughout his rule we could fail that our friends should lose or win battles against each other, but not that one of the two should be so severely wounded and injured that it s position as an independent Great Power would be endangered.Bismarck knew that he needed Russia to protect its northern border and Austria to secure its western border. He was unwilling to deal between Russia and Austria, since he needed both countries to counter rest period each other, the weakening of either one meant greater German dependency on the other. The reasons that Bismarck wanted peace were completely in line with practical politics he wanted peace because peace and the status quo were favorable to Germany. The Eastern crisis demonstrates Bismarcks genius as a politician, planning and manipulating situations to his advantage, in order to maintain the status quo.However, an argument could be composed from a revisionist viewpoint, William Carr suggests, The impartiality is that he acted once again on the spur of the moments to deal with an emergency situation-largely of his own making. This is demonstrated with his conflict in the Eastern Crisis. The first instance is shown with his dealing of the Balkan problem in1876. A solution he proposed that the British seize control of Egypt and the Suez Austria takes Bosnia, Russia controls Bulgaria, leaving a weak Turkey to occupy the Straits. Bismarck, of his own accord, admitted that this was a send off of his fancy, rather than an immediate practicable solution.Hereafter Bismarck reveals his ignorance of world affairs. Moreover Taylor writes, the days of European inflammation were over they would not come again until one of the powers felt itself strong enough to challenge the balance which had been established at the congress of Berlin. This suggests that a conflict may never have actually erupted, since Germany was the most powerful state in Europe, it would also be the deciding force in any European war. Going to war against it would be foolish unless the opposing coalition had one more great power than the coalition, which was supported by Germany. Thus, Bismarcks involvement was meaningless and actually could have disrupted the status quo.Perhaps the most important argument supporting the intentionalist view is Bismarcks control of the Austro-Russian friendship and that of Germany, and the Alliance System, he employed to maintain their relationship. According to Langer, No other statesman of standing had ever before shown the same great backup man and sound political sense of the possible and the desirable, this can clearly be justified. There were five main understandings and alliances, which were established during the two decades, following the Unification of Germany, by Bismarck to obtain peace within Europe, and essentially between Austria and Russia.The first of which was in 1873 when he created a set of treaties between Austria, Russia and Germany, which created the Three Emperors League (Dreikaiserbund) Although the Dreikaiserbund was not an official treaty of alliance, it was an agreement by the three leaders to maintain a close draw so that, the maintenance o f the peace of Europe be secured, and if necessary defended from every quarter (Gordon Craig, is again an dear in this theme and his book Germany 1866-1945, is critically acclaimed and an extremely reliable source). The pact pronounced a graduation forward in the preservation of peace, if only through the very fact that the agreement was signed. It marked a rapprochement both between Germany and Austria-Hungary, Austria-Hungary and Russia, moreover between Germany and Russia. The dtente between Austria and Russia was extremely important to preserving the peace in the Balkans, because they had to agree on compromises over influence and maintenance of the balance of power to avoid war.The mental home of dialogue, between the two countries, although informal, was a huge step forward. Moreover the reaffirmed friendship between Austria and Germany was a sign that the tension between the two, over Germanys defeat of Austria in 1866, had eased. Although the pact was unofficial, it sent a message to France that the worldly-minded eastern block had been rebuilt. Thus the Dreikaiserbund, indirectly, reduced the threat of war on two fronts, on the Rhineland and in the Balkans. The second instance where Bismarck created an alliance to maintain peace between Austria, Russia and Germany herself, was the Dual Alliance. This was an agreement by Germany and Austria in which either power would assist the other in attacked by Russia, and would stay neutral in case of an attack by any other power. An argument may suggest that Bismarck utilise this alliance in order to diplomatically isolate France.This caused the Russians to seek an alliance with Germany, as they needed Germanys backing for their expansion in the Balkans. Bismarck, however, was more interested in a three party agreement, since it was the only system offering the maximum of stability for the peace of Europe (Langer, A leading authority in the playing field of diplomatic history, wrote extensively on the dipl omatic climate preceding World Wars I and II. His work includes, European Alliances and Alignments). Although Russia was not directly interested in an alliance with Austria, it had to conclude one in order to get German support in the Balkans.Bismarck intentionally manipulated Russia into seeking an alliance with Germany, which led to the Second Dreikaiserbund in 1881. In this instance, again supporting the intentionalist argument, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Germany agreed that if any of the signatories found itself at war with a one-quarter power (except Turkey), the other two promised to remain neutral, thus destroying any likelihood of France finding any associate for a revenge war with Germany. Furthermore Bismarck tactically removed tension between Russia and Austria and, check to Rich, provided a foothold for negotiations between them in the event of a crisis. Bismarck had found two assort in Russia and Austria and had isolated France, by planning and maneuvering events t o his advantage.Preceding this Bismarck created the Triple Alliance, between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. This again demonstrates the intentionalist argument, where Bismarck anticipated that Russia and France might still have formed an agreement he extended the Dual Alliance to Italy. His reasoning for this was that Germany should always seek to be part of a larger combination, when there are five powers, try to be a trois. Moreover a purpose of this alliance was to reduce the likelihood of Italy going to war against Austria in a general conflict. As Bismarck put it, he would be happy if one Italian corporal with the Italian flag and a drummer at his side should take the field on the western front, and not on the eastern front. The alliance provided the support of Italy or Germany in case of a French attack, support in case of an attack by two great powers on any of the signatories, and neutrality in case one of the powers was menace and forced to make war, respectively.Thus the alliance created a situation where no power could attack any other power without having all of Europe against it. Bismarck had reduced the chances of waging war successfully, and therefore the chances of war in general fell. The intentionalist case is supported further, since after the bond between Austria and Russia, which Bismarck had built, was disrupted by the Bulgarian Crisis of 1885 and posed the threat of Russias gravitation towards France, he formed The Reinsurance Treaty of 1887, in strict secrecy. This guaranteed that Russia would remain neutral in the event of any war between Germany and France, provided that France was the aggressor. Ultimately, Bismarck had carefully and systematically crafted a system of alliances and agreements, which if properly used and retained would keep Europe at peace.The alternative argument is that Bismarck simply reacted to events, with no clear structure and surely with no overall scheme, in an attempt to maintain relations with and b etween Russia and Austria. It is argued that the other powers provided him with his opportunities, all he had to do is manipulate these at short notice (lee). This case is strongly supported by A.J.P. Taylor, who maintained that Bismarck lived in the moment and responded to its challenge. An argument for a more careless and impulsive Bismarck it may be compiled, although the Dreikaiserbund did reduce the risk of war with France by creating and allegiance between Germany and Russia, it was in fact Tsar Alexander II who suggested Russias membership, Bismarck merely accepted the opportunity (Lee).Following the Balkan Crisis, as Taylor argues, Bismarck hotfoot into the Dual Alliance with Austria and he was manipulated to such an extent, he was forced to say to the Austrian Foreign Minister, Andrassy, If you will no accept my terms, then I am forced to accept yours. After his initial mushiness Bismarck attempted to compensate by revitalizeing the Dreikaiserbund in 1881, attempting to prevent his mistake that if a war between Russia and Austria occurred, Germany would be on the side of Austria. Also he tried to compensate by forming the Triple alliance, to prevent Italy from attacking Austria and to help in any war between Germany and France.After the Bulgarian Crisis of 1885, which threatened Bismarcks hasty arrangements, Bismarck created the unfathomable Reinsurance Treaty, which so easily could have ruined the Dual Alliance, which is why his successors failed to renew it. Bismarck had created a web of alliances and agreements on the spur of the moments, that was so intertwined and complex that the next Chancellor, Caprivi, found that the system was already on the verge of collapse. Malcolm Pasely goes as far as to suggest that the alliances themselves would never be successful because they were too weak, The new structure was fragile, suggesting how the Triple Alliance was inferior and could easily collapses, as it did after the Bulgarian Crisis of 1885.Anoth er point, indicating that Bismarck was not in control of Germanys foreign policy, is how during this time of elevated discussion and activeness between Germany and the rest of Europe, Bismarck failed to involve Britain, who at the time was the most powerful nation in the world. At this time Britain had interests connected with the continent, the main one being the preservation of Turkey in order to prevent Russian control of the Dardannelles and Bosphorus. Most of the British interests lay in her numerous colonies, and an absence of a strong army kept Britain from actively participating in continental affairs. Her fleet, however, remained a threat to any power with maritime interests. Thus she was able to bully Russians into staying away from the straits, lest Britain recreate the Crimean alliance, or even attack Russia itself. In failing to concern Britain, Bismarck was unsuccessful in forming an ally against RussiaOn the other hand, it could be argued that Bismarck had no reason to involve Britain, as she was one of the two satiated powers and was interested in maintaining the status quo. Moreover Britain was an island, and was in a stage of isolationism. Involving Britain may have upset the Status Quo and resulted in further complications.Both arguments are extremely strong, and it is very hard to decide which is the stronger. Andrew Bonar Law said that, There is no such thing as an inevitable war. If war comes it will be from a adversity of human wisdom, I believe that Bismarck engineered Germany to maintain peace within Europe. However, whether Bismarck was in control of the bearing that Germanys foreign politics took between 1870 and 1890 is debatable and I perpetuate that Bismarck was an interventionist, rather than an intentionalist. He maneuvered and manipulated events as they happened, rather than foreseeing and planning for the events that arose. This is explanatory by the state of foreign affairs that Caprivi inherited, which ultimately led to th e First World War.The Reinsurance Treaty that Bismarck had forged with Tsar Alexander II was a secret Treaty that Caprivi thought was too risky and could have easily wrecked the Dual Alliance. He failed to resign the Treaty, therefore relations between Germany and Russia disintegrated and Russia began to gravitate toward France. Thus Bismarcks perplexed and somewhat confusing web of Treaties and Alliances, which were in a precarious position, became untangled, and hence World War One erupted. Therefore it is possible to argue that, although Bismarck managed to keep the newly United Germany at peace, what Law suggests is true of Bismarck, that in fact it was through Bismarcks trial of human wisdom that the First World war occurred.

Reflection on Impact of Emerging Markets Essay Example for Free

Reflection on Impact of Emerging Markets EssayThe humanness of business has changed in recent years. Usu tout ensembley, the firms of highly- unquestionable countries dominated the globe and developed countries marts were the most magnetic. However, red-hot attractive markets and young players use up emerged from atomic number 18as outside the developed world. These tonic markets such as the BRICs and the MISTs have large populations, high economic harvest- sequence and increasing demands for goods. Also, they are expected to surpass the developed economies by 2050 (Goldman Sachs, 2003). According to Jagdish N. Sheth, the rising markets have squeeze both the theory and the practice of merchandise. The reason is very simple marketing is a discipline that was developed in the concept of industrialized (developed) markets meaning that most of the marketing tools are designed to work unique(predicate)ally in industrialized markets (Sheth, 2011). Therefore, adapting most of what is known about marketing is necessary to succeed in new markets and new marketing research approaches need to be taken.The article Impact of Emerging Markets on merchandise Rethinking Existing Perspectives and Practices covers some of the most important characteristics of these markets such as their growth, market heterogeneity, sociopolitical governance and comparative proceedss. Also, the beginning suggests some changes that need to be made to the be marketing theory, marketing strategy, marketing policy and marketing practice. Moreover, Sheth argues that companies (from developed countries as well as from the emerging countries) who succeed in the mentioned markets are becoming orbicular competitors. The reason is that these firms have to innovate to overcome challenges such as paucitys of resources, inadequate infrastructure and un suckered competition. As a result, innovation makes these firms more efficient as well as it creates a competitive vantage which allows them to compete planetaryly.Having grown up in Mexico, one of the so called MISTs, I can relate more of Sheths marketing suggestions with some strategies used by Mexican companies. Some of these companies are already global players such as Grupo Bimbo, Cemex and America Movil (Inter-American Developing shore, 2008). They are strong competitors in the bakery manufacturing, building materials industry and telecom industry respectively. However, there is a nonher rising player named Coppel S.A. de C.V. that already started to expand to other emerging markets outside Mexico, aiming to become a global competitor in the retail business.Coppel is family owned business with 1,000 stores and 80,000 employees in Mexico. Also, it has eight stores in Argentina and eight in Brazil. I will like to focus on Coppel, 2011s biggest retailer in Mexico (El Economista, 2012), and how this company has already applied some of Sheths suggestions to marketing perspectives and practices. take down thou gh the article mentioned many good points to succeed in emerging markets, the most important are purpose driven marketing, resource improvisation, and market development.Purpose driven marketingAccording to Sheth, purpose driven marketing is going beyond highlighting the benefits of a product or service, creating a lifetime take account among the customers, employees and other stakeholders. Coppel wins its customers hearts with the slogan Coppel Mejora tu vida which translates to Coppel improves your life. Along with the slogan, Coppel offers a range of products such as clothes, furniture, electronic appliances and financial services to the 68 percent of the Mexican population whose monthly income is less than 2,743 pesos, close to clxv EUR (DigitalPersona, 2012). Most of the products exchange by Coppel are products that fulfill the customers involve. At Coppels stores, it would be difficult to celebrate expensive shoes or clothes. Also, Coppel guarantees all the furniture and any electronic product regardless of the brand sold at their stores up to 2 years while most manufacturers only guarantee the commencement ceremony year.This warranty is very important to the customers since a washing machine or refrigerator can be equivalent to ten or eleven months of salary. In the financial services part, Coppel offers credit to buy goods in the store and cash loans up 1,000 EUR (loyal customers who have been Coppels clients for more than a year). Coppel is not as unmitigated as many of the different financial institutions in Mexico which would never lend a single peso to any of Coppels customers. In other words, Coppel has a marketing policy of inclusive growth which sum including in their policies those markets that marketers would have left out.In addition, Coppel extends its marketing to its stakeholders such as the community, employees, channel partners and suppliers. For the employees and their children, Coppel offers to pay half(a) of their school tuit ion up to the master degree level as well as allow school supplies for them. Also, Coppel encourages its employees to get married by giving employees up to two months salary as a wedding present. Marriage is seen as a very important tradition in a cautious country such as Mexico. As a result, Coppel does improve the life of its customers as well as their stakeholders. It focuses on creating a lasting value to position itself as a company that offers more than on the dot quality products and services. For this reason, Coppel has better financial performance than its competitors.Resource improvisation.If necessity is the mother of invention, then resource shortage is the father of innovation (Sheth 2011). For that reason, firms operating in emerging markets gain proceeds by improvising with scarce resources, make them more innovative relative to their competitors. Coppels most innovative process is the use of a fingermark biometrics in the point of sale (POS) and in all operating systems (DigitalPersona 2012). This system has helped to improve the validation process of purchases for 20.6 million customers since a customer can buy on credit (in the store) using barely his or her fingerprint without using any type of identification.As mentioned, Coppel has close to 20 million registered customers fingerprints in their database. That represents almost 20 percent of the entire Mexican population, which allows Coppel to generate a reliable source of cultivation about its customers. Reliable information about customers is not easy to have in emerging markets. For that reason, Coppel has an advantage over its competitors since it can use that information to create new marketing strategies to target a specific customer behavior. Also, the fingerprint system has reduced the possibility of fraud since every single customers information is conjugated to his or her fingerprint. This system has proved very useful in Argentina and Brazil where most customers (low inc ome class) exactly carry an ID with them.Another innovating process is Coppels statistical distribution system. The reason is that Coppel has 19 warehouses with 127 distribution centers to supply all its stores in 337 different cities in Mexico (DigitalPersona 2012). The distribution system is in-house designed which means that Coppel can modify it whenever is ask without having aid from an external provider. This decreases the response time when a challenge is raised. Also, Coppels system updates in unfeigned time. This means that the company knows exactly what products are being sold at any given time and what products are on the delivery trucks.In addition, Coppel daily supplies all the stores just with the right amount of goods that were sold the day before using small trucks with low gasoline consumption or pressured gas to watch down the cost. It also offers free delivery to its customers. This is a competitive advantage since other competitors do not offer it free of char ge and almost half of the Mexican population does not have cars. Moreover, the distribution system is very efficient that some other retailers like Wal-Mart Mexico have tried to replicate it. In Mexico, Coppel is known as an innovative firm due to its distribution and fingerprint systems.Market development.While developed markets firms target customers needs using market intelligence, firms in emerging markets such as Coppel create customers needs by shaping customer expectations. In other words, create a Field of Dreams and customers will come. Coppel mejora tu vida is a statement that brings the customers to that Field of Dreams. Since customers in emerging markets are seeking to improve their life condition at bottom their limited economic capacity, Coppel offers accessible and affordable products and services.Coppel has created and developed its own market over the last 70 years. The firm took care of the expectations of the poorest segment in Mexico and that segment has become Coppels most loyal customers. Therefore, growth a market brings more financial benefits than market orientation since the firm that develops a market gets the advantage and creates barriers for new entrants. Huawei in China and Avon in Brazil used marketing development to shape the customers expectations to situation themselves in those markets. Nowadays, both of them are strong global competitors.ConclusionCoppel has the widest profit margin of any major(ip) Latin American retailer (Bloomberg 2012) because its strategies are based on purpose driven marketing, resource improvisation, and market development. Also, Coppel has developed a market as a result of a lifetime value that is attractive to all the stakeholders while innovating to overcome the challenges generated by the characteristics of operating in an emerging market.As mentioned by Sheth, new ideas from the emerging markets are disturbing what we know about marketing. In the 1980s there was the belief that The products and methods of the industrialized world play a single tune for all the world, and the world eagerly dances to it which was written in the 1983s article The Globalization of Markets by Theodore Levitt.This statement suggests that no adaptation was needed to Marketing practice and theory. On the other hand, Sheth says the rise of emerging market is inevitable and it will have a disruptive impact on the marketing practice and theory in 2011. Sheths article creates the bases of what is going to be new approaches for marketing research. The emerging markets will become the focus of the next generations of marketers and firms such as Coppel will be an example of how the emerging firms are shaped by their surroundings.ReferencesSheth, J.N. (2011). Impact of emerging markets on marketing Rethinking existing perspectives and practices. Journal of Marketing, 75 (July), 166-1Levitt, T. (1983). The globalization of markets. Harvard Business Review, 61 (May/June), 92-102Goldman Sachs (2003). Dr eaming with BRICs The Path to 2050. Goldman Sachs. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. http//www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/topics/brics/brics-reports-pdfs/brics-dream.pdfInter-American Development Bank (2008). From Multilatinas to Global Latinas The New Latin American Multinationals. Http//www.iadb.org. N.p., 2008. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. http//www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/pe/2009/03415.pdfEl Economista (2011). En El 2011, Coppel abarat a Liverpool. En El 2011, Coppel abarat a Liverpool. N.p., 15 Mar. 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. .Coppel. Coppel. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. .DigitalPersona (2012). Coppel Corporation Uses DigitalPersona Fingerprint Biometrics for Customer and Employee protection and Convenience. Coppel Corporation Uses DigitalPersona Fingerprint Biometrics for Customer and Employee Security and Convenience. N.p., 21 Sept. 2012. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.Bloomberg News (2012). Mexicos Coppel Brothers show up With $16 Billion Fortune. BusinessWeek. N.p., 15 Nov. 2012. Web. 17 Dec. 201 2.

Southwest Airlines Co. †2007 Essay Example for Free

southwestward Airlines Co. 2007 Essay southwest Airlines Co. 2007 Case Analysis On the brink of airlines market share battlefield, many of the companies failed to launch refreshing strategies and price controls because of fuel prices, market requirements and refuge issues. Along with the history of low price policy that southwest Airlines started to implement decades ago, the recent ch every last(predicate)enges and soaring war-ridden behaviors made that familiarity pass huge obstacles. southwestern United States Airlines manifested the new growth in Texas air carrier wave businesses and located itself on the top of carriers pinnacle ranking (Southwest Airlines). In this case the concept will be depicted and insights made on that topic. This will be done by starting with the organizational social organisation of that corporation and classifying many aspects of the entire growth and the difficulties of Southwest ending up with chartings and contri bution graphics of p artnerships activities done last years. By analyzing whole the consequences and in-depth research of the financial, hierarchical and structural management of Southwest Airlines, many decisional revelations will be discovered and exposed thoroughly.Theoretically, all the targeted issues that could evolve all the strategic workouts of that friendship cannot bypass the key solutions without highlighted marks. Southwest Airlines should be to a greater extent decentralised organization Nowadays, all companies are fetching a strategic view on whether or not to decentralize or centralize, and which system is more eligible for them. Centralization of organization is the strategy of assigning and transferring decision-making authority and ability to higher levels. On the contrary, decentralisation is the transferring of the latter to the lower levels (Adampieniazek).The first challenge started by an air carriers investment adviser, Rollin poof, who severely supported the flight betwee n three big metropolis cities in Texas. Rollin King convinced the organizations supreme board that by achieving this address of consequent enlargement of flights in different cities by low-flight-fare strategy, Southwest Airlines can compete against the giant air carriers. Considering that his touch was not high enough for typical centralized bureaucratic organization, the decision-making allowance and admittance by the board can be pledged to be in a decentralized shape.In this occasion, launching the new flights took start and year by year increase Southwests revenues, opening the broad business opportunity emerged new challenges with other air giants. Kings foreseen assumptions and predictions over the futurity were profitable to the company his assumptions helped the financial statements annually. The company has had a team feeling approach accumulated throughout the years. The reason for this is the company believes that employees are first, not the customers.Their high ef ficient labour is objectively being evaluated and participation in decision-making is important. By halting the renovation processes of its headquarter building and delaying to buy new aircrafts Southwest kept all its employees including all benefits, and salaries. From an ethical indicate of view, the companys management obtained a huge reputation and respect by its employees and labor organizations. Despite the 20 percent job spillage since 2001 in U. S. Airline industry, Southwest kept employing 32,000 employees during any type of difficulties occurred during last couple of years.Making an endeavor to satisfy customers with low-cost, high efficient and fair quality is one of the Southwests main aims. Meanwhile, the fuck off to bear all competitors market games and dumping. As a result, air carrier takes care of its precious criterion portion of customers both permanently and temporarily. Core values and mission statement A mission statement is a statement of main core values , purposes, responsibilities of the organizations. Mission statement, is too an opportunity to characterize the company who the company is, what the company does, what is it stands for, and why they are doing it.For the company, core values are the values which inform the company on how to reward, guide in making decisions and business processes, as well as, mission statement clarify who the company. They also help to explain why the companies do business the way they do (Southwest Airlines). Expressing the mission statement of Southwest Airlines can preliminarily clarify this companys mission outlined showoff. The company is aimed to offer their workers a groundbreaking environment in their work with satisfactory prospect for experiencing and growth.Adding to that, innovation and creativity are encompassed for empowering the efficiency of the company. every last(predicate) workers are assured to be treated with the same respect, attitude and concern inside the company. Southwes t defend its entire internal strategy in a consecutive order. By keeping almost all the operations aboard despite both company-wide and market-wide financial turndown, Southwest Airlines guaranteed its service enlargement mission for future, even though annual income decreased from 548 mn to 499 mn as of years 2005 and 2006.By handling general services, Southwest Airlines broadened its operations accompanying other cities of different states, they derive new goals from their general missions periodically and fatten their travelers annually. Continuous enhancements in customer service and relations are always a prime goal of Southwest that is seen in their mission statement (Southwest Airlines). Propose and organizational chart The company gives authority to employees to enroll in decision-making. So it turns on that Southwest Airlines is far from centralized structure.Centralized structure is the bureaucratic and all the strategic and organizational issues are solved on the top rank. Therefore, decentralized unified organization hence the most befitting organization chart. On the top of the hierarchy is the CEO of Southwest Airlines Gary Kelly. From the hierarchical point of view, Southwest as an organization divided all duties proportionately, from tip to toe, starting from CEO, subordinates, and employees. Considering its decentralized hierarchy, the CEO has both levels of dependants.Inflight and Provisioning Manager controls and maintains all flights, both departures and arrivals from and to the airports. All the law issues, statements, updates and upcoming public affairs are the prime duty of Law, Airports, and Public Affairs Manager. Including both Public Relations and Community Affairs, Customer Relations and fast Rewards are subdivisions of Corporate Communications Deputy Management. The Strategy and Planning Department is responsible for all the future strategies, major corporate planning decisions and projects.Vice President of General Counsel is head lawyer of the Southwest Airlines. Purchasing (spare parts, air catering, disposal, airplanes etc. ) department is the main branch of Strategy Planning Department. Recommended Solutions Gradually, keeping its position of low-priced and reliable partner, Southwest Airlines can not only dominate in major cities but it can also expand its target market. For this purpose the company should undock its low-priced policy and alteration its state-wide flights.The historical motto of this air carrier is the strategy which is mentioned above. Basically, locating these criteria on board and step-by-step implementing innovative methods for current air carriers principals can commonly guarantee its rising reputation and revenues. If company ignores the optimal structured organizational chart then the another option can only be centralized, which does not offer bright perspectives for during the future of the company, as well as, its difficult times, especially when multiple decisions n eeded.In conclusion, Southwest Airlines, during this economically tied situation, can handle all the financial and corporate difficulties. Southwest Airlines can also check up on almost all of its employees in the company and deliver the vital principle throughout its short history. after(prenominal) making thorough research about both the structural and organizational values of the company, it should be mentioned that after a long trail of on-market activities Southwest proved itself both financially and organizationally.

Critical Analysis of Sustainabilty in Marketing Essay Example for Free

Critical Analysis of Sustainabilty in Marketing EssayFocus on sustain magnate has appe ared on the face of the earth over the last cristal years and a lot of books and articles are published on the topic of sustainability. Early on, John Elkington substantial and promoted the concept of Triple Bottom Line in his book Cannibals with Forks The Triple Bottom Line of twenty-first Century Business which was published in late 1999 (Creating a sustainable Organization Approaches for Enhancing Corporate prize through Sustainability By Peter A. Soyka, Pg. 1) The concept of sustainability is transformed to cover three basic components k straightn as the Triple Bottom Line which are complexly linked to one another profits-it is the economical single out that balances financial growth with awareness and concern for the social good and environmental stewardship planet-it is the environmental part that safeguards and conserves the natural qualities of our ecosystem for the benefit and health of future gen agetions commonwealth-it is the social equity part that safeguards the benefits of opportunity and equality for all individual. See more how to write a critical analysis essay metre by stepThe growing importance of sustainable development establishes a significant and developing take exception for environmental political economy and natural resources. This challenge is such big that if it is not measured and controlled then it will ruin the bearing of the future generations thats the reason why every field right away a days filter out to work hard to have sustainable Value Creation (SVC). The question arises what is sustainability, a more germane(predicate) answer is provided by The Brundtland commission (1987) which says to be sustainable is to meet the unavoidably of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. While this looks clear but if we observe it thoroughly and closely there are some complications a nd difficulties in it (Smart Green How to Implement Sustainable Business Practices in Any Industry-and take a mood Money By Jonathan Estes page 6-8). The first problem which is a merchandise problem is in the needs of the present and no one today knows of what level of needs we are talking about.The second obstruction is an ethical question that relates to the future and intergenerational justice, how we know what the needs of the future generations will be and how far do we look into the future? These two questions i.e. trade and ethical must be explained much more distinctly andprecisely than the definition of the sustainability suggests. The knowledge domain economies currently face many challenges in the domain of public and moneymaking(prenominal) policy and one of the most crucial challenges they are facing is sustainable development. According to the projections of United Nations (UN) on population growth, the population of the world will most likely reach nine (9) bil lion people by the year 2050 with most of the growth taking place in emerging and developing countries. It is the perpetration of UN to improve environmental and social performance associated with sustainable development. It seems that it is highly unlikely to achieve the goals set by the UN with current unbalanced consumption, selling and production practices.KEY IDEAS OF SUSTAINABLE sellingSUSTAINABLE CONSUMER BEHAVIORCreating consumer imply for sustainable products and serve is not an blue task because the consumers traditionally behave to maximize their own utility. galore(postnominal) consumers think that anything which is good for the entire society in the long term is always the best preference for the individuals in the short term and unfortunately for most of the consumers the positive attitudes toward sustainable development is not shown in their actual consumer way and purchases.There are differences in what people say and what they actually do. Sustainable consu mer behavior can be enhanced by positioning sustainable behavior with consumers self-interest and by fashioning sure that this self-interest is understood and recognized thoroughly and can be acted upon (Encouraging Sustainable behaviour psychology and the Environment edited by Hans C.M. van Trijp page 3, 4). Consumers when they consume sustainably in any case behave in a way that shows or signals there superiority over others. Marketing efforts should be made to enhance sustainable consumption that leads to reduction in the trait of signaling instinct i.e. our inclination to signal to others that we hold set traits.SUSTAINABLE MARKETING STRATEGY AND PRACTICEThe nonsubjective of sustainable merchandising is to embarrass and combine the environmental concerns in the merchandise effort this means that if the consumers are given better, more complete and more crisp information on the sustainable products offered to them this will drive more and morecompanies to produce product s and services that are good for the environment. Sustainable marketing can take the strategies of conventional marketing to promote sustainable products and services not single by labelling the green products but also from working with positioning strategies of product, promotion, price and side and rigorously engaging in market creation by addressing a large number of customers. The confederacys marketing dodge throughout the supply chain from product development to consumption should include sustainability in it.Many companies are focusing on the implementation of sustainable consumption they are purpose the ways to direct the peoples thinking to forthcoming challenges and problems by using different marketing and communication strategies that lead to sustainable consumption. Sustainable communication and marketing strategies can make the companies think of their semipermanent socio-economic influence and the long-term perspective of it this will help the companies to tell t he public about their future chopine without diminishing their present less environmental performance.EFFECTIVE SOCIAL MARKETINGEffective social marketing is a community and pragmatic based approach it brings very operative behavioral change. This approach has atomic number 23 steps i.e. prudently pick the behaviors to be promoted identify the benefits and barriers which come with the selected behavior form a outline that uses the behavioral-change tools to understand these benefits and barriers test the strategy on a sample of certain community and evaluate the onus of the strategy when it is tested on a large scale (Design for Environment as a prick for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain by Bevilacqua, MaurizioCiarapica,Filippo Emanuele Giacchetta, Giancarlo, pg 147). Social marketing is different from commercial marketing it takes into study the changes in behavior that contributes social gains while commercial marketings objective is to produce financial gains b y selling products and services. There are five important areas where social marketing focuses very heavily and they are community involvement, health promotion, environmental protection, financial well-being and injury streak (Social marketing A pathway to consumption reduction? Ken Peattie, Sue Peattie. Pg. 262-264)TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL MARKETING TO SUSTAINABLE MARKETINGMarketing has now changed itself it has a sustainability feature in nearly all of themarketing practices. It is now somewhat compulsory for the companies to consider sustainability in all of their strategic marketing practices and marketing mix. It is a very distinctive and objective task to integrate sustainability in the marketing strategy and at the identical time it is not an easy task because marketing strategies are developed by taking into account the needs and wants of the costumers.Previously the companies only tried to fulfill the consumer demand whether it has an adverse effect on reputation o r environment but now more companies are forming sustainable marketing strategies that makes relationships with customers better by fulfilling their demands and results in good profitability of the company and have good impact on nature and environment. Paettie and Belz (2010) aft(prenominal) years of research came up with the idea of 4Cs i.e. (Cost, Communication, Costumer cost and Costumer Solution) and tried to find traditional marketing Mix i.e. 4Ps (Product, Price, Place and Promotion) into 4Cs (Evolution of sustainability as marketing strategy lineage of new era Vinod Kumar, Zillur Rahman, A. A. Kazmi and Praveen Goyal, pg 486-487). SUSTAINABLE MARKETING- CHALLENGES AND ISSUESDeveloping a sustainable marketing strategy is not an easy task because there are some issues and challenges that should be dealt carefully and prudently before going on with the strategy. The issue is what sustainability principles demand is that we need to conserve the resources and consume less of i t and at the same time marketing principles demands to sell or produce more which means consume more natural resources (jones et al 2008). The challenge is how to balance this discrepancy and which means that sustainable marketing strategies should be developed that still result in profits but not creating negative impact on the society or environment.The process of arising of a problem and solving it is an ongoing process one may come up with an idea or solution to an issue but there would be some problems with that solution too (Charter et al 2006). A good thing of sustainable marketing is not only competitive advantage but it also gives rise to innovation and reduction in costs. CONCLUSIONThe Marketing concept now has redefined which was acknowledged only as a functional concept and this concept is now dying and losing its grip on theworld stage. Now the redefined concept of marketing is strategic business concept that is intended to attain sustainable gratification for the three main players or stakeholders i.e shareholders, the costumers and people in the organization. The concept of sustainability marketing strategy started from ecological issues has now come to discuss sustainability issues. A company may have a sustainable marketing strategy if it involves sustainability in its business practices especially the marketing practices. The companies have to resolve the traditional issues and challenges which come in the way of implementing sustainability in their marketing strategies and then it will be a win-win situation for both the costumer and company. It has now becoming an informal moral obligation for a company to be sustainable. In this new era marketing and in the future, the companies have to be sustainable to compete on the world stage.REFERENCESCreating a Sustainable Organization Approaches for Enhancing Corporate value through Sustainability by Peter A. Soyka, Pg. 1, Smart Green How to Implement Sustainable Business Practices in Any Industry- and Make Money By Jonathan Estes page 6-8, Encouraging Sustainable Behavior Psychology and the Environment edited by Hans C.M. van Trijp page 3-4, Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain by Bevilacqua, MaurizioCiarapica,Filippo Emanuele Giacchetta, Giancarlo, pg 147, Social marketing A pathway to consumption reduction? Ken Peattie, Sue Peattie. Pg. 262-264, Product, Price, Place and Promotion) into 4Cs (Evolution of sustainability as marketing strategy Beginning of new era Vinod Kumar, Zillur Rahman, A. A. Kazmi and Praveen Goyal, pg 486-487, Jones et al 2008,