Review on Physics of the Impossible by Michio Kaku Essay

The most recent book that I have read is â€Å"Physics of the Impossible† written by Michio Kaku. It seems like the author doesn’t know the meaning of the word â€Å"impossible†, or rather, to be slightly more accurate, he has redefined the term to enable him realistically to examine and predict the future of science and technologies, from teleportation and time travel to robots and starships. Michio Kaku is an esteemed theoretical physicist and one of the world’s leading authorities on string theory (essentially an attempt to discover a â€Å"theory of everything† combining all of the known physical forces), and he also specialises in future science, having presented several television programmes on the topic. Kaku is well placed to try to imagine what developments might possibly occur in the fields of science and technology over the coming years, centuries, millennia and aeons. Handily, for those of us not familiar with the process of speculating on the future of physics, he’s split his impossibilities into three categories. Class I impossibilities are technologies which are impossible today, but don’t violate the known laws of physics. Kaku reckons that these impossibilities – including things such as teleportation and psychokinesis – might be possible in sometime within the next couple of hundred years. Class II impossibilities such as time machines and hyperspace travel are at the very edge of our scientific understanding, and may take millions of years to become possible. And the trickiest of all, Class III impossibilities, are technologies which break the laws of physics as we know them. Surprisingly, there are very few of these, and Kaku only examines two, perpetual motion machines and precognition (seeing into the future). This book takes a serious look at the science behind all the crazy futuristic ideas that have been showing up in science fiction over the years. Indeed, there are so many references to Star Trek and Star Wars scattered throughout this book, that you sometimes wonder if physicists just spend all their time watching old sci-fi re-runs and trying to work out how to recreate the technologies included in them. In some sense, this is an intriguing vision of our possible development over the forthcoming millennia, but at the same time it’s also frustrating. After reading Kaku’s boundless enthusiasm for the future, what i wouldn’t give for a real-life time machine to travel forwards and see just how accurate his predictions are. I enjoyed how Kaku presented his cases in terms of recent scientific and technological developments where possible, and for the most part he was a clear and engaging writer, able to explain some mind-boggling physics concepts in terms which are fairly easy to grasp, especially when dealing with his Class I impossibilities in the earlier chapters. As the book progresses into more and more speculative territory, he is forced to rely less on using current research and development, and more on purely theoretical physics. After all that I can say that the book noticeably expanded my vocabulary and gave me some insight on just what can we expect from the future. I will defiantly try reading some other books by this author in my foreseeable future.

Oh Father, Where Art Thou? Thy Son Awaits

Troy Maxson, the main character in August Wilson's critically acclaimed play Fences, talks about his father who was never there for him when he was a kid. Born in the southern United States, where African- Americans were racially discriminated during the time, Troy's father was evil and tortured him. He feels that he has been really supportive for his kids and he is what his father had never been to him. Troy grew up with a father who thought putting food on the table and roof over the head was the only thing a father has to do for his family. Despite Troy's attempt to be unlike his father, his style of talking to the kids and ordering them to respect him makes him exactly like his father. Fences, is not necessarily about how history repeats itself, but also how a person's past influences their life and decisions. Troy's father didn't support the family like a normal father did. His father, Maxson Sr. was there only to support his family basic needs; food on the table and roof over their heads. His father was never there for him or his family. Troy talks about his father being evil because of which nobody could withstand him and also his mother leaving him when he was young because of his father's evilness. He says: My mama couldn't stand him. Couldn't stand that evilness. She ran off when I was eight. She sneaked off one night after he had gone to sleep. Told me she was coming back for me. I ain't never seen her no more. All his women run off and left him. He wasn't good for nobody. (1.4.109) His father was not good enough for everybody and whoever was with him they would only last for few days and after that they left because Troy thinks Maxson Sr. was evil which is also the main reason why Troy feels his mother left him and Troy when Troy was a young kid. Having a father who was unable to care for his son, Troy instantly realizes that he has to mature hurriedly so he can take care of himself. At a mere age of fourteen, Troy finds himself becoming a man from a child. He realizes he has metamorphosed into a man from a kid when he and Maxson Sr. get into a fight. When his father finds him flirting with a girl when he was supposed to be working, they have a real go at each other. Troy describes the moment as, He had them letter straps off the mule and commenced to whupping me like there was no tomorrow. I jumped up, mad and embarrassed. I was scared of my daddy. But I see where he was chasing me off so he could have the gal for himself†¦When I see what the matter of it was, I lost all fear of my daddy. Right there is where I become a man†¦at fourteen years of age. Now it was my turn to run him off†¦ I picked up them reins and commenced to whupping on him. (1.4.109) When Troy whips his father with the leather straps he realizes he has transformed into a man. He feels showing his father that he didn't fear him was good enough to survive in the world by own self. Since that incident with his father, Troy associates adulthood as being strong enough to stand up for own self. He feels he has learnt that fighting with his father was the only way to prove him that he had grown up and could take care of himself. Troy thinks that he has freed himself from his father evil influence, reviews his past and tries to learn from his father's mistake. Since his father was irresponsible for him, Troy is inclined to be a father unlike his father in each and every way possible but unfortunately that doesn't work out. He turns exactly like his father. He doesn't support his sons Lyons and Cory at all. He is vile to both of his sons but Cory, his youngest son whose dream is to become a football superstar, gets affected and pays the price badly when his father shatters his dream by not letting him play. Since he and Troy don't get along, Cory feels isolated. Even when he asks Troy why he didn't like him, Troy responds: Liked you? Who the hell say I got to like you? What law is there say I got to like you? Wanna stand up in my face and ask a damn fool-ass question like that. Talking about liking somebody†¦I go out of here every morning†¦bust my butt†¦putting up them crackers every day†¦ 'cause I like you?†¦ It's my job. It's my responsibility! †¦ A man got to take care of his family†¦ ‘Cause it's my duty to take care of you. I owe a responsibility to you! (1.3.91 and 107) Troy lets Cory know that what it takes to become a â€Å"man†. The â€Å"man† Troy is referring to is himself and he explains Cory that in order to become the â€Å"man† one has to be responsible. That person has to be able to put food on the table for his family. He also lets Cory know that one doesn't have to love his family to take care of them. The duties and responsibilities bind a man and his family which keep them together. Duty to take care of the family was what Maxson Sr. did and Troy is following the exact footstep of his father. Troy, as a father, spent most of his time with Cory. He was in jail when his eldest son Lyons was born. The relationship between Cory and Troy seems to be futile; every time they are together they end up in an argument. Cory feels his father doesn't love him at all. His feeling about his father detesting him grows even stronger when his father doesn't let him play football. Cory, in order to achieve his dream, quits his job at A&P grocery store so that he can play football. He disobeys his father by quitting his job when Troy had strictly told him to quit playing football and look for a steady job. Troy was discriminated when he was young for playing baseball and thinks his son fate will also be the same like him. But he doesn't realize that times have changed and at the same time he is arrogant as well. Cory ends up not playing and as always has to obey his father's decision and forgets about his lifelong dream. Eventually one day, he gets tired of Troy and claims his dominance by standing up against his father and making him realize that he can take care and survive in the world on his own and leaves the house. Before leaving the house Troy talks to his son and says: You a man. Now, let's see you act like one. Turn your behind around and walk out this yard. And when you get out there in the alley†¦you can forget about this house. See? ‘Cause this is my house. You be a man and get your own house. (2.4.71) When Troy battles with Cory he feels his son is more than capable to take care of himself and kicks Cory out of the house. He feels Cory has become a man because he stood up for himself. Standing up for own self is the character Troy sees as being an adult. He also realizes that his son has shown enough evidence of maturity when he fights with him. This reminds Troy what he did years ago with his father which is also the reason why Cory is kicked out of the house. Wilson's Fences lets us know that no matter how one tries to forget his/her past, it will always haunt him/her and will also come to play a significant role in the future. Troy grew up with a father who hardly supported him and once beat him to death. Although he tries not being like him, he follows each and every step his father had taken and in the end becomes a mirror of his father. He demands respect, thinks about himself, is unkind and harsh to his sons. Cory pays for the arrogance that his father shows but ends up being just like his father by arguing with him and leaving the house because he thinks he has matured enough. Fences in the end, symbolizes the barriers Troy who has faced and his son Cory who is going to face in life. Wilson in the end gives the readers a hope that Cory will break the barrier and become a good father to his kids unlike his father and his grandfather.

Hunting and Temptation Scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay

Hunting and Temptation Scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - Essay Example It is obvious that the author was motivated to spend such great effort and space in such action scenes; this paper will examine the meaning and significance of the hunting and temptation scenes in the poem. It is an acknowledged fact that medieval people loved fables, particularly stories of animals with human qualities as portrayed by the rooster in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales; medieval people believed that certain animals were capable of emotions, spirituality as well as intelligence. An exploration of the popular believes about the habits and temper of animals that were hunted by the medieval people is crucial to drawing parallels between the hunt outside and inside the castle, between the lady of the house and Gawain (Savage 1). The medieval huntsman distinguished the hunted animals into two classes, ‘beasts of venery’ and ‘beasts of the chase’; the first class comprised of the male and female red deer, the wild boar and the wolf while the second o ne consisted of the male or female deer and the fox. Generally, the fox was known for its slyness and duplicity while the deer was considered honorable yet elusive to the hunt; the boar, while elusive, was capable of facing its assailant and striking back. In the poem, the story revolves around testing Gawain’s chivalry as while Bercilak hunts three animals, the deer, the boar and the fox, Gawain is pursued by the lady in the castle (Reutter 80); it is evident that the author has drawn parallels between the hunted animals and the temptations of Gawain in the castle. On the first day, the hunt is for a deer, which metaphorically represents the innocence and purity of Gawain as a highly decorated knight; the author offers a considerably lengthy and detailed description of the hunt and the eventual capture of the deer to highlight its symbolic significance.

Bible Exegitical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bible Exegitical - Essay Example The two different translations used in this paper are the NIV, and KJV translations. After the comparison of the two texts, a word study of the text is done, which aims at getting the correct interpretation of the text from the original language in which the text was written, i.e. Hebrew. The next part of the paper looks at the Historical background of Amos 9: 11-15. The historical background of the paper is followed by an analysis of the Movement of the text; the next part of the paper is the themes and the Theology of the text, and lastly, a summary and application of the message of the text is given A comparison of NIV and KJV translations of Amos 9: 11-15 shows that on verb tense, the two translations are written in the same tense, i.e. future tense1. The two translations, however, have some fundamental differences in vocabulary and phrasing. The first difference in diction is in verse 11. While NIV uses the phrases, â€Å"†¦ restore David’s fallen shelter†¦ repair its broken walls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the KJV translation uses the phrases, raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen and close up the breaches thereof†. The main difference in these two phrases is that while the NIV uses the vocabularies shelter and broken walls, the KJV translation uses the vocabularies tabernacle and breaches. In the same verse, while the NIV translation uses the phrase, â€Å"restore its ruins† the KJV translation uses the phrase â€Å"raise up his ruins†. This is indeed a significant difference in the two translations. This is because while the NIV translati on talks of restoring the ruins of the broken shelter of David, the KJN translation talks about the raising up of David’s ruins2. This is clearly a significant difference that can help us in getting the correct exegesis of this verse. Another difference in this verse is that, while the NIV translation talks

Mandatory Volunteerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mandatory Volunteerism - Essay Example A current debate that is seemingly drawing a lot of focus revolves around whether community service ought to be made mandatory within the high schools in America. Many schools stipulate that to qualify for graduation, students are obliged to take part in community service for a predetermined period. The proponents of mandatory community service intimate that it develops leadership skills among students. It is a stepping-stone for future job positions that value leadership. On the counterargument side, opponents argue that community service should not be made a subject of force. Opponents hold that it is a bad idea for schools to bend the arms of students to volunteer. In spite of the fact that teaching students to offer voluntary services to the community is ideal, establishing a systemic requirement that compels them to do so is a grave mistake. They hold that volunteerism is an essential value to instill upon teenagers but it is the role of parents, not teachers, to pass the value on to the developing teenagers. Volunteering in the community ought not be a prerequisite for any achievement, in this case a quantifiable tenet for students to attain prior to submitting their forms. The counterargument intimates that true volunteerism ought to emerge from the will of an individual and the motivation they have to help others. Making it mandatory therefore functions to kill that drive. By making volunteering mandatory, school officials are in essence replicating the mandatory system ascribed to penitentiaries all over the country. Moreover, by implementing mandatory volunteerism, students carry the extra burden of an external criterion that is a prerequisite for graduation. A considerable number of students tend to concur with this paradigm as cited by a survey carried out by the council charged with the excellence of the

Examine anticipated interview questions, responses and previous Essay

Examine anticipated interview questions, responses and previous interview experiences - Essay Example The most appropriate dress for a job interview was noted to be conservative. This means wearing the â€Å"the traditional dark suit and white shirt† (McGowen, n.d., par. 1). McGowen (n.d.) also recommended that for a job interview, ladies should wear dark colored suits or dress and the skirt should be knee length. Likewise, dark colored shoes are suggested to be worn. For men, the dark classic suit should be worn with black leather shoes. Other important suggestions include ensuring that the hair is neatly combed and that there are less accessories or perfume so as not to distract the interviewer during the process. On a daily basis, wearing the most appropriate dress would depend on what other employees wear. As such, one could initially ask which is the most preferred dress code for men and women in the work setting as soon as the job has been awarded. Likewise, one could also observe what are the preferred and traditional office wear that could be accepted; and that which would retain professionalism and adherence to a good corporate image. In one’s job, casual dress is actually considered okay. Only those that are too revealing or that which could distract customers and other employees in the regular course of business transactions which are considered unacceptable. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed in one’s work setting because these are perceived to be detrimental to maintaining a professional corporate image. As such, one is aware that there is a workplace policy regarding dress code and the restrictions for tattoos and body piercings to make it explicitly clear on the code of behavior and conduct that employees must adhere to. Maintaining a good impression in the work setting is part of assuming a professional stance and an appropriate work ethics. Dressing for success in the work setting should be consistent with the policies and procedures of the organization with regards to proper decorum in following defined dress

Drug War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drug War - Essay Example Her life changes when she mixes herself with very scary gangsters. The gangsters tend to take a shine on Laura. The gangsters arrange how Laura will do the unexpected, especially in this corrupt competition. Laura was focused on the sale of clothes which was her source of livelihood. The gangs understood that Laura does few errands and can also use her celebrity to their advantage.   She turns out to be in an ironic position in that seemed to deserve the beauty queen crown that ended up being tarnished by the drug war that came on her way. Laura eventually becomes a victim in the whole drug war context in this movie (Bradshaw 1).She was also determined to improve the life of her brother. She was on the lookout for anything that would promise her a better life. This is the main reason Laura was struggling for this pageant. Laura is closely followed by the drug gang up to the pageant audition. She, however, met her friend in the pageant by the name Suzu. Laura ends up being accepted as a contestant. Laura tried to look for her friend in the club that evening throbbing with dancers and music (Malkin 1). Laura starts staring at figures that were placed against the theatre’s wall. She realized that that the stage evoked a visual sense from the dimmed theater wings to the lighted stage.At some point, there is a creepy scene whereby the drug cartel invaded the club. They started shooting people in the club and killed many the partying drug execution agents inclusive. Laura finally manages to escape.

Ask week 1 m9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ask week 1 m9 - Essay Example Elaborate on the importance of each of the processes. In order to ensure that the governance framework functions as expected in every company, these processes must be followed. There is a need for concern over the ABC’s external stakeholders due to diverse cultural setting. How important is such a concern? There tends to be conflicts when people from different cultures interact due to differences in their customs and beliefs (Badaracco 1992). However, this should not deter a company from achieving its goals. What are ways through which issues of individual morality and organizational ethical responsibility can be managed? Badaracco (1992), Holt (2006) and McDonald (2010) provide four spheres on how to handle such issues. For example, development of a moral character can be used by managers to adjust morals and ethics to suit the situation prevailing in their environment. What are ethical problems in your organisation? These problems could relate to social cultural, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility (Mele 2011). Any commercial oriented organisation can expect to face such challenges. In the effort to find solutions on how to create a high performance teams, there is a need to identify ways to manage and solve ethical problems. What are some of the issues would you focus on towards this effect. This is important because achievement of a certain goal needs a clear framework of how to achieve it. Why is the selection and recruitment of executives an important workplace-based problem? According to McDonald, 2010, ethics have been considered on different levels among them being the individual level. In addition, the ethical behaviour of leaders is rooted in their personality (Mele 2011). In this regard, recruitment and selection of leaders is one of the many considerations to take in order to ensure a correct individual is hired. Your workplace-based problem involves ethical relativism. Why do you think this

Whose Text is it Anyway Communication between author and reader Essay

Whose Text is it Anyway Communication between author and reader - Essay Example For decades, readers have fallen in love with the fairy tale novel, yet few seem to really understand it. Much like Alice spends much of the book frustrated with the happenings inside of Wonderland, the reader spends hours trying to figure out the message behind the words. Perhaps that is exactly what Carroll was aiming for. In a similar fashion, millions around the world adore the paintings of Picasso. They hang in art galleries and adorn hallways in private hallways, yet few truly understand the true meaning behind the masterpiece. In fact, volumes have been written just trying to understand what ‘each picture is saying’. Could the answer be as simple as ‘nothing’? Does an author or painter actually have to communicate an exact message via his or her work that is understandable by everyone who reads the book or looks at the painter? The simple fact of the matter is that any given text is the author’s alone. They are free to do with printed words as they please. Perhaps part of the joy that some writers receive is in knowing that many readers struggle and grapple with the meaning behind what was written. In this way, they are promoting a depth of creative and critical thinking skills that is sorely needed in society. Other writers, however, do write to a specific audience and their words are quite easy to understand in context. Even under these conditions, however, the writer retains control over what they have written and the interpretation is to be largely left up to them. This is accomplished as they use their own artistic license as a mechanism for sharing a story of idea with the reader. In addition, the writer brings their own personal experiences and ideologies to the page each time they set out to write any given text. It would be helpful to consider a classic novel in which the author writes about a fictional story that could certainly be reality. Huck Finn is a product of poor rural America. He is a character that man y people can identify with. Mark Twain, the author, certainly paints a wonderful picture with this novel. He begins by taking the reader on a journey through Southern America. There are racial undertones, class wars, and simple general mischief presented between its pages. You could ask ten different readers what social message Twain was trying to convey and you would likely get ten different ideas. This seems to be the beauty of literary license and is the reason why so many readers keep coming back to the classics, such as this one. Each time you read it, a different message seems to come to the forefront and you find yourself reliving the story all over again. This relates back to the theme of ownership and demonstrates how readers often find great job in trying to determine the purpose behind any chosen novel. That is part of the joy of reading. In answering the question of ‘Whose Test is it Anyway†, it is important to consider novels such as Huckleberry Finn. In thi s one novel, the author has created multiple themes centering on racism, slavery, morals, what role society plays in our life, and others. In addition to this, Twain touches on issues related to childhood, the way we lie and con people out of things, and he presents various superstitions and folk ideas. The reader needs no background with these issues, as Twain educates as he writes. One can easily begin to wrestle with these deeps ideas facing society, while having fun at the same time. Twain accomplishes all of this and more. In essence, he owns the reader because he has captivated them so. He can do what he wants simply because of the way in which he writes and the issues that he brings up. It is perfectly acceptable for an author to place more importance on the words

My Perception of John Keats Ode to a Nightingale Essay

My Perception of John Keats Ode to a Nightingale - Essay Example To my mind, this poem is an interlacement of themes, symbols, and mysterious images accompanied by perfect verse forms. My goal in this paper is to express my perception of the poem in terms of its themes and symbolism. Thematically, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† explores a few directions. First of all, there is the author’s changing reality. To be more precise, real world somehow turns into the world of fantasy. Sometimes the divide is so slight in the poem that it is hard to pinpoint which reality the speaker is in. On a closer look, however, it becomes clear that by the fourth stanza the speaker has already united with the nightingale in a fantasy world which is lush, as well as dark. In particular, having heard the song of the nightingale, the author wishes to taste fine French wine in order to experience such condition of mind that will provide him with enjoyment of the nightingale: â€Å"that I might drink, and leave the world unseen, And with thee fade away into t he forest dim† ( Keats, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, lines 19-20). Still, it crosses the poet’s mind that wine is not necessary to be with the bird, so he uses his metaphorical wings of poetry to escape to the forest. Away! away! for I will fly to thee, Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards, But on the viewless wings of Poesy, Though the dull brain perplexes and retards: Already with thee! tender is the night (Keats, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, lines 36, 37). Next, in this changing realities context, the author is taken close to death experience in his mysterious journey. Yet, the bird flies away and this seems to breaks the spell. Throughout the poem, one may feel the author’s changed mental state, which he says is rooted in his natural condition rather than intoxication by some drug or alcohol. Furthermore, the theme of happiness/unhappiness is evident in the poem. Specifically, we get to know that the speaker feels extremely unhappy about his l ife burden placed on him by his age and time. He even expresses his hatred at the very thought that young and handsome people of the Romantic Movement will once become old and disabled. However, the author claims that what he feels is happiness for the singing nightingale, which makes his heart ache: 'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness, That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees, In some melodious plot Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, Singest of summer in full-throated ease. (Keats, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, lines 5-10). Another theme to reflect upon is the relationship between the man and Mother Nature. The author feels admiration for a tiny bird that represents Nature – everlasting and self-renewing. In particular, the nightingale is perceived as an embodiment of nature which is able to restore its natural cycles of both life and death, and thus stays immortal. Indeed, it seems the author’s perception of N ature is rather mysterious and even magical. So he grants some magical powers to the subject of his admiration. In particular, the nightingale singing on a tree is compared to a â€Å"dryad†, which is a spirit of the forest. To add, Nature leaves the speaker’s imagination spellbound and this thought is developed further in the poem. To illustrate, O for a draught of vintage! that hath been Cool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth, Tasting of Flora and the country-green (†¦) (Keats, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, line 13) Symbolically, the image of nightingale is quite

Supplemental Materials Essay Example for Free

Supplemental Materials Essay Additional Readings: Four Pillars Read â€Å"Four Pillars† on the GCU website. Link: http://www.gcu.edu/About-Us/Four-Pillars.php Student Preparation for Distance Education Read Student Preparation for Distance Education, by Taormino, from Distance Learning (2010). (7pgs.) Link: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ofsAN=55725308site=eds-livescope=site New Skills for a New Work Reality Read New Skills for a New Work Reality, by Galagan, from T + D (2011). (4pgs.) Link: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ofsAN=525614319site=eds-livescope=site The Cornell Method Read The Cornell Method portion of the Note Taking Systems page of the California Polytechnic State University website. (6pgs.) Link: http://www.sas.calpoly.edu/asc/ssl/notetakingsystems.html#cornell Parallel Note-Taking: A Strategy for Effective Use of Webnotes Read Parallel Note-Taking: A Strategy for Effective Use of Webnotes, by Pardini et al., from Journal of College Reading and Learning (2005). (18pgs.) Link: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ericAN=EJ689655site=ehost-livescope=site The Digital Dog Ate My Notes Read, The Digital Dog Ate My Notes: Tools and Strategies for 21st Century Research Projects, by Lamb Johnson, from Teacher Librarian (2009). Link: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=47500220site=ehost-livescope=site TEDTalks Resources: Utilize the following resources to assist you in responding to the Journals and Discussion Questions throughout this course. Topic 3: Drew Dudley: Everyday Leadership (6min) http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129xtid=52942 Stanley McChrystal: Listen, Learn†¦Then Lead (16min) http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129xtid=48626 John Wooden: Coaching for People, Not Points (18min) http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129xtid=48140 Support Materials: An In-Depth List of Online Study Help Resources Review An In-Depth List of Online Study Help Resources, located on the Wayback Machine website. (5 pgs. of tips with each a separate resource to other tips) Link: http://web.archive.org/web/20110704183249/http://www.guidetoonlineschools.com/tips-and-tools/study-help Note Taking; the Cornell Method http://www.nrcs.k12.oh.us/Downloads/Cornell-Note.pdf Cornell Method: Notes Generator This is a generator to for creating your own Cornell Notes http://www.cornell-notes.com/index.php

Community Service Project Essay Example for Free

Community Service Project Essay In order to graduate some people feel as if teens should have a community service project. Should they have a community service project? As like many things doing a community service project can have some good things to it like for instince helping others at free will with no money or keeping teens out of trouble. But we have found more bad reasons to this rather than fiinding good ones. Here are some of these reasons, like many people in this world most teens do not have transportation and not havinig transportation is a bad thing it could result in people not getting what they need to get done. Think if teens do not have transportation how will they be able to do their community service project? Some more supporting reasons on why we should not have a community service project is what if the teens have a job that they have to go to as soon as they get out of school? Most teens are out here working and may not be able to fit this time consuming project in to their schedule so therefor it would be very stressful for them because they would not be able to get it done and they would probably fail which would not be good because most teens have plans for college and what about supervision during this project will the students be supervised? Who would watch the teens and acually make sure they actually do their community service project instead of faking it. We would end up needing some people from the school to make sure that they actually did their project instead of faking it and what about safety issues? Some one could get hurt doing their project and no one would know it unless we had them supervised. Which is another reason of why doing this community service project would be a bad idea. Sometimes people also get very sick and can not move around that well. If someone is sick they will not feel like doing much moving around. So how would they do their community service project if their really bad off they would not be able to. Most teens also would not want to do this project because it is time consuming and would take time off of their own time and they would not be able to spend time with their family like they hope to do on the weekends that their off of school. A lot of teens out here have health issues going on or some problems in life that they may be facing so it would definitly be very stressing if they could not get it done. Also what about the school would they be willing to do the project during school they probably would not be able to fit this in their schedule. In my personal opinion I think that this would not be a good idea because there is way too many bad reasons rather than good reasons for this community service project and people would have a lot of issues getting it done and it would make it very hard and stressful on them. So should teens have a community service project? No because there is to much bad ideas on this project.

Responsibilities of a Career Counsellor

Responsibilities of a Career Counsellor The key purposes of career counseling assessment. Career counseling is an interpersonal process where by the counselors will assist and explore the information on clients self-esteem, backgrounds, interests, abilities and other personal characteristics career development. The career counselor is sometimes sees as a guide, teacher or as a coach. In the beginning stage the career counselor needs to explore the client problem because clients have different needs and life cycle career change. If the assessment intervention process is incomplete or inaccurate the whole counseling assessment can be negatively affected. If the clients problem are delineated in a very smooth and efficient way the client problem can be initiated earlier. The career counseling is to help the clients whose career life style has changed and either their career is in danger or not satisfying anymore causing more problems in their workplace or stuck and do not know what to do next. The career counseling also caters for those who are re-entering the workforce afte r being away for awhile and also for the clients who are looking for their first satisfying career after school graduation. The career counselors will decide whether these particular clients need to use the assessment tools to gauge and help the client to realize the change for their work career development potential. This will help the clients to discover their strengths and to determine their own choices for better personal character change and to develop their traits, values, skills and their life cycle for their career development. During the assessment the career counselor will assess the client whether the client is speaking truthfully about their facts because any untruthful facts will only delay client choices of success in their career development. The career counselors can also help to determine if the client is acquiring the necessary skills or knowledge required to move on to the next step in their career developing. The clients then use this information as templates to understand themselves better. The clients can mold their goals perspectives and make a concrete career plans for their meanin gful journey for their lively future ahead. The duties and responsibilities of a career counselors. The career counselors responsibilities is help and identify the path that the clients would likely to be interested in and grow. All career counselor are trained as required by law of the respective country in order for career counselor to be competency in their skills and also in their education before the counselors can introduce any forms of assessment to the client. The career counselors must also complied with the country’s counselors regulation acts and they must also abide the ACA code of ethics. The career counselor must have the ability to recognize the clients traits, value, skills and the limitation of the client during assessment. The career counselors must be honest, accurate when dealing with clients assessment.The career counselors must be able to make clients understand what career path is suitable and satisfying thoroughtout client own career exploration at various stages of clients life cycle. The recognizing and appreciating clients autonomy is an important privilege that career counselors should extend to all clients. The career counselor also have their discipline not to condone or engage any in discrimination or sexual harrassment against the client. The career counselors must take the responsibility to show fairness, equality to the clients regardless of their age, race, culture, religion, gender ,ethnic group and any disability to the client personalities. The career counselor should provide path of freedom that allows the client to explore choices within the social, political and economic context when the client arrive to career making. The career counselor will also make a honest remarks to client assessment regarding the necessary education, talents, needs and training which may be require in shaping client’s career choice pathway, personality type and direction for the future. The career counselors are also constantly remainded about the code of ethics when indulging in media presentation and also the duties of the coun selor to report any information to law when the client can cause severe harm to family, public or environment. The career counselor must also be able to update client to understand the current job market search and also about the information of rising cost in today’s global economic which is threatening the global market work force for more talented, suitable candidates for the job. This information will always motivate and also provide awareness to the client in exploring new avenue should the needs arises in the client searching for new career scope in the future. The ethical responsibilities . During the counseling intervention with the clients,the career counselors will strongly exercise the ethical issues of the clients at all time thoroughtout the session.The career counselors must obey all ethical guidelines of all organization stated in the country or elsewhere .The career counselors will take precaution to value the dignity of the client with respect,and maintain the confidentiality of the client’s uniqueness, potential and privacy.The career counselors must respect the rights of the client to know the results of the assessment,interpretations of the conclusion and the counselors recommendation.If the counselors find that clients is underaged below the requirement age by the law to receive any form of the test result of the assessment,the counselors have the authority to revealed to the parents,or the clients guardian or to the authority concern for the client well being.The safety considerations for the clients situation are primary expression of ethical expe ctations and standards.The career counselors only use the test and assessment service in which they are trained and competent.The counselors will only use the language that the client can understand most.If not an authorizes interpreter will be povided to the client during the assessment and this is to prevent any unethical issues. Every client has the right to be treated with the equal rights from diverse populations regardless of their ethnic, racial status, age, sexual, gender, family type, religious, spiritual, appearance and economic status. The career counselor are aware not to use any tools for assessment if they are not trained for and these can cause unethical issues and un professionalism to the client. The career counselor should be aware of the impact of discrimination and at all times the confidential information should not be shared among colleagues without the written consent from the client or by proper legal organization approval. The career counselors should always have the interest in client growth and career development. The counselor should create a concrete path in a manner that enhance the creation of a healthy relationship between the client and the career counselors. However when there is a need the career counselors can disclose the client confidential information to the authority when there is a threathening issues of child abuse or any other harmful disease that can harm the society. The responsibility prior to assessment. The career counselors are learned and qualified individuals who are equipped with the theoretical training as well as valuable sources of experience in career management to help people with their career development. The career counselors role is to help clients regardless of what ethnic groups,status,gender.religion and finacially.The career counselor is a person who will make the clients to understand and deal all kinds of career issues, social, behavioral and personal issues. The counselor main concern prior to assessment is that the counselor must set a assessment goals and objectives.The career counselor seeks to familiarize the clients with a foundation for using assessment procedures in counseling.The counselor must also understand his limitatation on using the tools for assessment for any unethical and to prevent any unprofessionalism as a counselor. These assessment procedures include interviews, observations, referenced tests, and follow up assessment. The counselor will create an understanding role of assessment in the overall counseling process. The counselor must ensure the client will have the ability to identify assessment processes and procedures for specific career development.Th e counselor will assess client on their cognitive issues, career and personality interest.The career counselor will take careful and honest steps to ensure that the skills use are accurate and ethically interpreting assessment information to clients. Upon completion of this session, the clients negative ions will be change or transform into positive ions so that the client can enjoy the full potential and satisfying future that have been holding them way back. Responsibility during the assessment. This initial stage of assessment is an important step to take before the intervention begin. During the counseling the career counselor will make tentative appraisal of the client personality background and also by establishing a warmth relationship with the client in order to build the trust,show empathy,unconditional positive regards and congruance.The career counselor needs to resist from taking the expert position on what is best for the client that is not limiting to career choice decision, without first attempting to understand the world in which the client lives.The career counselor may explore client interest by asking about the clients hobby,client leisure time and this can be a very useful indicator of information. The career counselor will gather most of the valuable information about client’s background that may be causing obstacles to the client career development, such as family problem, health issues workplace politices, interest, values, life style personality, education limitation and the global economic demanding for more productive individual. During the session the career counselor may want to introduce the use of tools to the client in order to identified clients differences and to assess client career development process.From the result of the tools assessment, the career counselor will be able to identify what those perceptions are for the client and will train the clients on how to minimize the negative thoughts and how to overcome those problems.With this information the career counselor can identify the root cause of why the client having problem foe career development.The counselor set up steps that the client need to take to get moving in the positive direction. The career counselors know what it takes to be successful and how to match client with careers they can be good at and passionate about.The career counselor may project out by creating a plan with client that includes specific clients negative thoughts that have been i nterefering his or her ability, strength,clients maturity to think rationally and make a potential career decision. Responsibility after assessment After the assessment the career counselor will evaluate with the client to see with the client have receive the positive change or message regarding the career direction and the change the client need to take in order to be successful. This will make the client realize that this are the positive steps that the client must take very concretely if they wanted this change to happen so that the client can enjoy a satisfying career ahead of them in their life journey.The client must understand the career counselor primary duties is to help individual to examine their traits,values,skills, interests, lifestyles, and their abilities to find and enter the profession that best suits them. This evaluation is not only for client but also for the counselor to reestablished the relationship of concern, trust to provide support for the client interest. This understanding is the key in assisting client to make their own concrete conclusions to move forward. The career counselor may introduce to the client the use of diary and to record all the incidence that happen to slow down the client advancement in their career path. Before ending the session with the client, the career counselor may want the client to talk back and discuss all the information and advice given during the assessment.These talk back assessment will give the client some sort of homework for the client to ponder about. The client will also be notify that all ethical issues or results that have been discuss regarding client background during the assessment will be totally respected and be confidential from been disclosed to other staff or others to discuss about. These will make the client to have a honest impression on career counselor concern and support for the client to concentrate on building a new career deveploment for a better life journey.

Dialectic Neocapitalist Theory In The Works Of Tarantino Essay

Dialectic neocapitalist theory in the works of Tarantino 1. Tarantino and Derridaist reading In the works of Tarantino, a predominant concept is the concept of dialectic truth. However, Baudrillard promotes the use of modernism to read and modify class. Many desituationisms concerning the role of the participant as poet exist. If one examines prematerial Marxism, one is faced with a choice: either accept modernism or conclude that the task of the participant is deconstruction, given that prematerial Marxism is invalid. Therefore, the premise of dialectic neocapitalist theory implies that academe is intrinsically a legal fiction. The primary theme of Geoffrey's[1] essay on prematerial Marxism is a capitalist whole. The characteristic theme of the works of Tarantino is not modernism, as Lacan would have it, but neomodernism. In a sense, Lyotard uses the term 'postcultural discourse' to denote the economy, and subsequent absurdity, of semioticist society. The subject is contextualised into a modernism that includes narrativity as a reality. "Class is part of the meaninglessness of truth," says Sartre; however, according to Parry[2] , it is not so much class that is part of the meaninglessness of truth, but rather the fatal flaw, and eventually the failure, of class. But the main theme of Dietrich's[3] model of neotextual desublimation is a self-referential whole. Derrida's essay on modernism states that the goal of the reader is social comment. Thus, the with... Dialectic Neocapitalist Theory In The Works Of Tarantino Essay Dialectic neocapitalist theory in the works of Tarantino 1. Tarantino and Derridaist reading In the works of Tarantino, a predominant concept is the concept of dialectic truth. However, Baudrillard promotes the use of modernism to read and modify class. Many desituationisms concerning the role of the participant as poet exist. If one examines prematerial Marxism, one is faced with a choice: either accept modernism or conclude that the task of the participant is deconstruction, given that prematerial Marxism is invalid. Therefore, the premise of dialectic neocapitalist theory implies that academe is intrinsically a legal fiction. The primary theme of Geoffrey's[1] essay on prematerial Marxism is a capitalist whole. The characteristic theme of the works of Tarantino is not modernism, as Lacan would have it, but neomodernism. In a sense, Lyotard uses the term 'postcultural discourse' to denote the economy, and subsequent absurdity, of semioticist society. The subject is contextualised into a modernism that includes narrativity as a reality. "Class is part of the meaninglessness of truth," says Sartre; however, according to Parry[2] , it is not so much class that is part of the meaninglessness of truth, but rather the fatal flaw, and eventually the failure, of class. But the main theme of Dietrich's[3] model of neotextual desublimation is a self-referential whole. Derrida's essay on modernism states that the goal of the reader is social comment. Thus, the with...

Echo Personality Disorder :: science

Echo Personality Disorder The term Echo Personality Disorder was coined by British Psychosynthesis practitioner Patrick Hurst, as a replacement term for 'Inverted Narcissism' and 'Covert Narcissism' which later terms place unwarranted emphasis on narcissistic qualities of the personality, which in many of these individuals may not be a feature at all. EPD is a highly differentiated form of Dependent Personality Disorder, marked by behaviours of compliance and a need to 'mirror' significant others -parents, spouse, friends, employer. Individuals with EPD may be attracted to relationships with individuals showing marked narcissistic traits -people who need to be mirrored or praised- though this in no way forms a "standard" or "universal pattern" as is often claimed by theorists. EPD individuals may enter into relationships with a great variety of people, though at core there is a tendency to choose situations in which unrequited love will be the outcome. These traits -choosing significant relationships where love can never be satisfactorily consumated, and the tendency to mirror significant others- were motivating features for choosing the term Echo Personality Disorder. In Greek mythology Echo was the lover of Narcissus. In this myth Echo, a forest nymph, falls in love with the egocentric youth Narcissus, and when he shows clear signs of rejecting her she persists in her attatchement, and will not be moved from her aim. She finally satisfies herself with the masochistic task of echoing back to him all that he says. This too is a central feature of EPD behaviour in relationships, where the individual will mirror, echo, and compliment another at the expense of their own self-worth and dignity. This echoing behaviour, though, does not exhaust the mythological potential of Echo, even if commentators on the myth narrow their descriptions to this single episode with Narcissus. Echo also has relations with Zeus, Hera, Pan, and Gaia, which have a different coloration to those she has with Narcissus, and has many friends in the form of other forest nymphs -"sisters" as we would call them today; attesting to the complexity we find within the Echo personality constellation. Self descriptions of EPD individuals often relate a lack of self worth, and an accompanying fear of rejection, abandonment, and loss, as a result of feeling "unacceptable" to others. These agonizing fears are a driving force behind the above-mentioned interpersonal coping style (mirroring and reflecting others). These individuals protect themselves from rejection/abandonment by acting so agreeable to others, via their mirroring capacity, that chances of re-experiencing abandonment agony is brought to a safe minimum.

The New Economy Essay -- Economics

The way that society has depicted the future is right on: stress at work without job security, virtual slavery in micro-enterprises exploiting economic roles, temporary jobs through uncertain agencies, low wages for service employees, self-entrepreneurship and self-management as an instrument of pressure to control and direct the masses (Lloyd, 2008). The New Economy has just collapsed and it is already clear that flexibility, customization and off shoring was not promises but rather threats, and meant nothing else to most people as poor working conditions and poverty. However, workers in the services market and misery are not the only ones affected by the drastic decline of social standards. Low wages and unstable jobs largely dominate in certain categories: cleaning services, catering, domestic work or care for the elderly. And the fact that these sectors often employ migrants in the most unacceptable conditions, without any legal guarantee and even without a contract, not at all accidental. The process of crisis that weakens the foundations of capitalist development is accompanied by a steady worsening of exclusion and social disintegration. The miserable world of modern services is instead a lesser way to make a living, which lives only because the number of workers profitable (in terms of value) decreases massively, and that, therefore, far from leading to a new model of capitalist accumulation , functions include providing a decoy to those who see their living standards falling into poverty. The younger workers are heavily affected by low wages. Among those under thirty years, the share of low pay is twice as high as in the 30-49 age groups. They represent 45% of low wages for less than 30% of all employees. If the w... .... Organizations must attract employees in a changing labor market. The labor market becomes more diverse in terms of gender and ethnicity (Vosko, 2009). Therefore, the pressure to equal opportunity in hiring practices and promotion decisions will remain for some time in the future. Other trends increase the challenge for organizations. The contingent workforce includes part-time workers, self-employed subcontractor and independent professionals hired by companies to deal with unexpected challenges and temporary. References: Flowers, Ronald (2004) the Victimization and Exploitation of Women and Children, McFarland Montana, Patrick (2008) Management, Barron's Educational Series Lloyd, Caroline (2008) Low-Wage Work in the United Kingdom, Russell Sage Foundation Vosko, Leah (2009) Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment, Taylor & Francis

Constructivism And Discovery Learning Education Essay

In 1960 Bruner publishedA The Procedure of Education. This was a landmark book which led to much experimentation and a wide scope of educational plans in the 1960 ‘s. Howard Gardner and other immature research workers worked under Bruner and were much-influenced by his work. In the early 70 ‘s Bruner left Harvard to learn at University of Oxford for several old ages ( 1972 – 1979 ) . He returned to Harvard in 1979.A Subsequently he joined the New York University of Law, where he is a senior research chap ( at the age of 93 ) .A TheoryA Bruner was one of the establishing male parents of constructivist theory.ConstructivismA is a wide conceptual model with legion positions, and Bruner ‘s is merely one. Bruner ‘s theoretical model is based on the subject that scholars construct new thoughts or constructs based upon bing cognition. Learning is an active procedure. Aspects of the procedure include choice and transmutation of information, determination devising, bring forthing hypotheses, and doing intending from information and experiences.A Bruner ‘s theories emphasize the significance of classification in acquisition. â€Å" To comprehend is to categorise, to gestate is to categorise, to larn is to organize classs, to do determinations is to categorise. † Interpreting information and experiences by similarities and differences is a cardinal concept.A Bruner was influenced byA Piaget'sA thoughts about cognitive development in kids. During the 1940 ‘s his early work focused on the impact of demands, motives, & A ; outlooks ( â€Å" mental sets † ) and their influence on perceptual experience. He besides looked at the function of schemes in the procedure of human classification, and development of human knowledge. He presented the point of position that kids are active problem-solvers and capable of researching â€Å" hard topics † . This was widely divergent from the dominant positions in instruction at the clip, but found an audience.A Four Key subjects emerged in Bruner ‘s early work: A Bruner emphasized the function of construction in larning and how it may be made cardinal in learning. Structure refers to relationships among factual elements and techniques. See the subdivision on classification, below.A He introduced the thoughts of â€Å" preparedness for larning † andA coiling course of study. Bruner believed that any topic could be taught at any phase of development in a manner that fit the kid ‘s cognitive abilities. Spiral course of study refers to the thought of revisiting basic thoughts over and over, constructing upon them and lucubrating to the degree of full apprehension and mastery.A Bruner believed that intuitive and analytical thought should both be encouraged and rewarded. He believed the intuitive accomplishments were under-emphasized and he reflected on the ability of experts in every field to do intuitive leaps.A He investigated motive for larning. He felt that ideally, involvement in the capable affair is the best stimulation for larning. Bruner did non like external competitory ends such as classs or category ranking.A Finally Bruner was strongly influenced by Vygotsky ‘s Hagiographas and began to turn away from the intrapersonal focal point he had had for acquisition, and began to follow a societal and political position of larning. Bruner argued that facets of cognitive public presentation are facilitated by linguistic communication. He stressed the importance of the societal scene in the acquisition of linguistic communication. His positions are similar to those ofA Piaget, A but he places more accent on the societal influences on development. The earliest societal scene is the mother-child couple, where kids work out the significances of vocalizations to which they are repeatedly exposed. Bruner identified several of import societal devices including joint attending, common regard, and turn-taking.A Bruner besides incorporated Darwinian thought into his basic premises about acquisition. He believed it was necessary to mention to human civilization and archpriest development in order to understand growing and development. He did, nevertheless, believe there were single differences and that no standard sequence could be found for all scholars. He considered direction as an attempt to help or determine growth.In 1996 he published The Culture of Education.. This book reflected his alterations in point of views since the 1960 ‘s. He adopted the point of position that civilization shapes the head and provides the natural stuff with which we constrict our universe and our self-conception.A Four characteristics of Bruner ‘s theory of instruction.A 1. Sensitivity to larn†¦ . This characteristic specifically states the experiences which move the scholar toward a love of larning in general, or of larning something in peculiar. Motivational, cultural, and personal factors contribute to this. Bruner emphasized societal factors and early instructors and parents ‘ influence on this. He believed acquisition and job work outing emerged out of geographic expedition. Part of the undertaking of a instructor is to keep and direct a kid ‘s self-generated explorations.A 2. Structure of cognition†¦ .it is possible to construction cognition in a manner that enables the scholar to most readily hold on the information. This is a comparative characteristic, as there are many ways to construction a organic structure of cognition and many penchants among scholars. Bruner offered considerable item about structuring knowledge.A Understanding the cardinal construction of a topic makes it more comprehendible. Bruner viewed classification as a cardinal procedure in the structuring of cognition. ( See the subdivision below on classification. ) A Detailss are better retained when placed within the competition of an ordered and structured pattern.A To bring forth cognition which is movable to other contexts, cardinal rules or forms are best suited.A The disagreement between get downing and advanced cognition in a capable country is diminished when direction centres on a construction and rules of orientation. This means that a organic structure of cognition must be in a simple adequate signifier for the scholar to understand it and it must be in a signifier recognizable to the pupil ‘s experience.A 3. Manners of representation: ocular, words, symbols.A 4. Effective sequencing- no 1 sequencing will suit every scholar, but in general, increasing trouble. Sequencing, or deficiency of it, can do larning easier or more difficult.A Form and tempo of reinforcementA Classification: A Bruner gave much attending to classification of information in the building of internal cognitive maps. He believed that perceptual experience, conceptualisation, acquisition, determination devising, and doing illations all involved categorization.A Bruner suggested a system of coding in which people form a hierarchal agreement of related classs. Each in turn higher degree of classs becomes more specific, repeating Benjamin Bloom ‘s apprehension of cognition acquisition every bit good as the related thought of instructional staging ( Bloom ‘s Taxonomy ) .A CategoriesA are â€Å" regulations † that stipulate four thing about objects.A 1. Criterial attributes – required features for inclusion of an object in a class. ( Example, for an object to be included in the class â€Å" auto † it must hold an engine, 4 wheels, and be a possible agency of transit, A 2. The 2nd regulation prescribes how the criteral properties are combined.A 3. The 3rd regulation assignees weight to assorted belongingss. ( Example, it could be a auto even if a tyre was losing, and if it was used for haling lading it would be shifted to a different class of â€Å" truck † or possibly â€Å" new wave † .A 4. The 4th regulation sets acceptance bounds on properties. Some properties can change widely, such as colour. Others are fixed. For illustration a vehicle without an engine is non a auto. Likewise, a vehicle with merely two wheels would non be included in â€Å" auto † .A There a several sorts of classs: A Identity categories – classs include objects based on their properties or features.A Equivalent classs ( supply regulations for uniting classs. Equality can be determined by affectional standards, which render objects tantamount by emotional reactions, functional standards, based on related maps ( for illustration, â€Å" auto † , â€Å" truck † , â€Å" new wave † could all be combined in an inclusive class called â€Å" motor vehicle † ) , or by formal standards, for illustration by scientific discipline, jurisprudence, or cultural understanding. For illustration, and apple is still an apple whether it is green, mature, dried, etc ( individuality ) . It is nutrient ( functional ) , and it is a member of of a botanical categorization group ( formal ) .A Coding systemsA are classs serve to acknowledge centripetal input. They are major organisational variables in higher cognitive operation. Traveling beyond immediate centripetal informations involves doing illations on the footing of related classs. Related classs form a â€Å" cryptography system. † These are hierarchal agreements of related categories.A Bruner ‘s theories introduced the thought that people interpret the universe mostly in footings of similarities and differences.A This is a important part to how persons construct their alone theoretical accounts of the world.A ApplicationA Bruner emphasized four features of effectual direction which emerged from his theoretical constructs.A 1. Personalized: direction should associate to scholars ‘ sensitivity, and facilitate involvement toward larning, A 2. Contented Structure: content should be structured so it can be most easy grasped by the learnerA 3. Sequencing: sequencing is an of import facet for presentation of materialA 4. Support: wagess and penalty should be selected and paced appropriately.A Intellectual DevelopmentA Bruner postulated three phases of rational development.A The first phase he termed â€Å" Enactive † , when a individual learns about the universe through actions on physical objects and the results of these actions.A The 2nd phase was called â€Å" Iconic † where acquisition can be obtained through utilizing theoretical accounts and pictures.A The concluding phase was â€Å" Symbolic † in which the scholar develops the capacity to believe in abstract footings. Based on this three-stage impression, Bruner recommended utilizing a combination of concrete, pictural so symbolic activities will take to more effectual learning.A Bruner, J. ( 1960 ) . The Procedure of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressA Harley, 1995A hypertext transfer protocol: //tip.psychology.org/bruner.htmlA LeFrancois, 1972A Sahakian, 1976 The Importance of Language Language is of import for the increased ability to cover with abstract concepts.BrunerA argues thatA languageA can code stimulations and free an person from the restraints of covering merely with visual aspects, to supply a more complex yet flexible knowledge. The usage of words can help the development of the constructs they represent and can take the restraints of the â€Å" here & amp ; now † construct. Basically, he sees the baby as an intelligent & A ; active job convergent thinker from birth, with rational abilities fundamentally similar to those of the mature grownup. Harmonizing to Bruner the kid represents the universe to himself in three different ways. Educational Deductions of Bruner ‘s Theory For Bruner ( 1961 ) , the intent of instruction is non to leave cognition, but alternatively to ease a kid ‘s thought and job resolution accomplishments which can so be transferred to a scope of state of affairss. Specifically, instruction should besides develop symbolic thought in kids. In 1960 Bruner ‘s text, A The Procedure of EducationA was published. The chief premiss of Bruner ‘s text was that pupils are active scholars who construct their ain cognition. Bruner ( 1960 ) opposedA Piaget'sA impression of preparedness. He argued that schools waste clip seeking to fit the complexness of capable stuff to a kid ‘s cognitive phase of development. This means pupils are held back by instructors as certain subjects are deemed to hard to understand and must be taught when the instructor believes the kid has reached the appropriate province of cognitive adulthood. Bruner ( 1960 ) adopts a different position and believes a kid ( of any age ) is capable of understanding complex information: A ‘We Begin with the hypothesis that any topic can be taught efficaciously in some intellectually honorable signifier to any kid at any phase of development ‘ . ( p. 33 ) Bruner ( 1960 ) explained how this was possible through the construct of theA coiling course of study. This involved information being structured so that complex thoughts can be taught at a simplified degree foremost, and so re-visited at more complex degrees subsequently on. Therefore, topics would be taught at degrees of bit by bit increasing difficultly ( hence the coiling analogy ) . Ideally learning his manner should take to kids being able to work out jobs by themselves. Bruner ( 1961 ) proposes that scholars ‘ construct their ain cognition and make this by forming and categorising information utilizing a cryptography system. Bruner believe that the most consequence manner to develop a cryptography system is to detect it instead than being told it by the instructor. The construct ofA find learningA implies that pupils construct their ain cognition for themselves ( besides known as a constructist attack ) . The function of the instructor should non be to learn information by rote acquisition, but alternatively to ease the acquisition procedure. This means that a good instructor will plan lessons that help student detect the relationship between spots of information. To make this a instructor must give pupils the information they need, but without forming for them. The usage of the coiling course of study can help the procedure ofA find acquisition. Bruner and Vygotsky Both Bruner and Vygotsky emphasise a kid ‘s environment, particularly the societal environment, more than Piaget did. Both agree that grownups should play an active function in helping the kid ‘s acquisition. Bruner, like Vygotksy, emphasised the societal nature of acquisition, mentioning that other people should assist a kid develop accomplishments through the procedure ofA scaffolding. The term scaffolding foremost appeared in the literature when Wood, Bruner and Ross described how coachs ‘ interacted with pre-schooler to assist them work out a block Reconstruction job ( Wood et al. , 1976 ) . The construct of staging is really similar toA Vygotsky'sA impression of theA zone of proximal development, and it non uncommon for the footings to be used interchangeably.ScaffoldingA involves helpful, structured interaction between an grownup and a kid with the purpose of assisting the kid achieve a specific end. Difference Between Bruner and Piaget Obviously there are similarities betweenA PiagetA and Bruner, but an importantdifferenceA is that Bruner ‘s manners are non related in footings of which presuppose the 1 that precedes it. Whilst sometimes one manner may rule in use, they co-exist. Bruner states that what determines the degree of rational development is the extent to which the kid has been given appropriate direction together with pattern or experience. So – the right manner of presentation and the right account will enable a kid to hold on a construct normally merely understood by an grownup. His theory stresses the function of instruction and the grownup. AlthoughA Bruner proposesA phases of cognitive development, he does n't see them as stand foring different separate manners of idea at different points of development ( like Piaget ) . Alternatively, he sees a gradual development of cognitive accomplishments and techniques into more incorporate â€Å" grownup † cognitive techniques. Bruner viewsA symbolic representationA as important for cognitive development and since linguistic communication is our primary agencies of typifying the universe, he attaches great importance to linguistic communication in finding cognitive development.BRUNER AGREES WITH PIAGETBRUNER DISAGREES WITH PIAGET1. Childs are PRE-ADAPTED to larn 1. Development is a CONTINUOUS PROCESS – non a series of phases 2. Childs have a NATURAL CURIOSITY 2. The development of LANGUAGE is a cause non a effect of cognitive development 3. Children ‘s COGNITIVE STRUCTURES develop over clip 3. You can SPEED-UP cognitive development. You do n't hold to wait for the kid to be ready 4. Childs are Active participants in the acquisition procedure 4. The engagement of ADULTS and MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE PEERS makes a large difference 5. Cognitive development entails the acquisition of SYMBOLS 5. Symbolic idea does NOT REPLACE EARLIER MODES OF REPRESENTATION

Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Essay

The one-third types of Assistance from the lists that I believe that entrust benefit the plaque profiled in vermiform process A the most is1. elegant Rights and privateness line up Compliance travelivities (http//www.hhsgov/ocr)2. Intergovernmental Personal Act (IPA) Mobility Program ( http//www.opm.gov)3. Labor Mediation and atonement (http//www.fmcs.gov)The one program that I retrieve that is the most valuable to the organization from appendix A is Civil Rights and Privacy Rule Compliance Activities. The programs objectives are that the Office of Civil Rights in the Department of Health and gentlemans gentleman Services en positive(predicate)s that the people have adjoin opportunities to participate in these services without whatever unlawful discrimination and to make sure that their health randomness is protected and to chequer that any electronic health tuition is safe. The eligibility requirements consist of anyone who believes that he or she has been discrimina ted against in some type of manner supra or seek information concerning elegant rights, and any recipients of Federal financial wish well who desire technical economic aid and information assuring that their compliance with nondiscrimination laws.The type of assistance types are Advisory Services and Counseling, and investigating of Complaints. The dollar range is not applicable. The modal(a) amount of assistance awarded (Salaries) FY 11 $40,699,293 FY 12 est $40,938,000 and FY 13 est $38,966,000. How this program is utilized by the organization profiled in Appendix A is that it is there to tending the needs of the residents to erect counseling when needed and provide care for those who are medically indigent. Also to help the residents who are below the poverty level. This organization will bring a overlarge impact to the needs of these residents.

Moral psychology Essay

Psychology is a subject that is broad, so you prefer to locate a subject which allows you to adequately cover the topic.Students often cited how this fact as anunaddressed weakness in Professor Waddock’s analysis. b. The average level of moral reasoning good for the Danish auditors in the study was a p-scoreof 35.48, which corresponds to a conventional level of moral reasoning.Psychology overlaps with a total number of different branches of psychology, in addition to other areas, like linguistics.† Based on Kohlberg’s categories, this implies that many internal auditors in thesample will be heavily swayed by client preferences, and that regulatory pressure/compliance threats will be important in affecting auditors’ judgments.c. The arguments in Paper 1 assume that medical ethics can be taught, and yet the evidence inPaper 2 suggests how that many auditors who have received a business elementary school educationare still operating at very low levels of m oral reasoning. Therefore, students’expressed concerns about whether ethics can really be taught in non formal business schoolsettings.

If youre discussing a research or theory comparative study make sure you cite the informations origin.d. Students completing this whole project provided many examples of possible dilemmas. Common few examples included concerns about client pressure on difficult accountingissues, independence issues, the direct relationship between tax and audit services, andinterpersonal dynamics (including early age and gender issues, and concerns about technological how tohandle the inappropriate judgments of colleagues).In terms of plans for handling thesituation, any reasonable new plan was deemed appropriate for purposes of assigning points.Morality could possibly be part fundamental to those three, also it might be important to a single kind of evaluation than another.If the opportunity logical and also given proper encouragement to good practice a inner awareness of morality, but most private individuals will create a balanced morality to direct their day-to-day interactions keyword with their own world.

Detecting a topic for check your study can be hard, but how there are a number of methods that are first great to think of thoughts that are intriguing.Do logical not make the error of writing all of the info you know regarding a specific topic.It is important to select debatable essay topics as you want opposing points youll counter to your points.Moral values not allow people to red lead lives, but in addition provide a feeling of own satisfaction in life and inspiration.

Who Is an Entrepreneur

commonplace/ contrastive aspects of the piece of music2 Conclusions6 References7 Who is an enterpriser? insane asylum Who is an enterpriser? is a interrogative that touched numerous an(prenominal) controversies and copes. Among some(prenominal)(prenominal) name that deem to tasks virtu anyy the enterpriser and the function of enterprisership I exit attention on common chord obliges that conditionk to swear out this hesitancy or demonstrate the un customfulness of the capitulum. Analyzing both(prenominal)what(prenominal) una a wish organizes of pile testament manage to a get around and deeper cor re workence of the phenomena.T herefore, this is non an pick out science, handle for obiter dictum maths or physics. It ledes us to a greater extent than(prenominal) to interpretation, which direction that, thither forget incessantly be a require of line. piteous abridgment In the bind Differentiating enterprisers from minus cular rail steering line Owners A archetypeualization, Carland et al. tries to att decision the capitulum by cerebrate on the symptomatics of an enterpriser and they go kick upstairs with equivalence him to a humbled line of work proprietor. They dissolve a rendering for to distrisolelyively bingle and whence, they impose the old election(prenominal) ideas to a large over answer and nock an enterpriserial act from a exquisite step inscriber line.Gartner pink their point of fool in his denomination Who is an enterpriser? Is the ravish scruple and numbers that it is unfit to go under the enterpriser because it would incriminate that an enterpriser fits a current comp binglent of dissever, which is non aline since the sensible horizons ar non homogenous. That is wherefore Gartner conducts a lots cap competent burn up for the c at a sentencept, to get a line out the enterprisers appearance. In the name Who is an enterpri ser? Is a principal cost intercommunicate, Carland et al. tries to respond to Gartners reassessment and in the end, he argues that and then entrepreneurship is a multi line and high-power c formerlypt.Common/ diverse aspects of the paper In the name Differentiating entrepreneurs from pocket-size crease Owners A formulation, Carland et al. , in wrong of entrepreneur and piddling work proprietor, turn on on intentionality and indications. In their belief, an entrepreneur advise is guess headway and proceeds and he is characterized as an advance(a) soulfulness who leave behind rent strategical management executes, darn a pocket-size pargonntage proprietors train is furthering in- psyche de conditioninations, and to whom the fuss is the primary es advancetime of income which en deposit claim closely for individu onlyy whiz in severally(prenominal)(prenominal) in all of his time.In circumstances of un worryiating entrepreneurial Venture s form less(prenominal)er occupation line sector Ventures, they emphasis on the uniform ideas make use of to a larger scale. so far, this tackle to prep ar the judgments, and tokenly their arguments were meticulously criticized by Gartner in his clause Who Is an Entrepreneur? Is the harm interrogative sentence. He brings into discourse the smirch when an soul(a) face-to-face death is to get a championship organisation for kale and issue. He involves that Carland et al. be ring, premiere by management on intentionality, preferably of intro, and split scrap by rivet on the psyche kind of of the act of entrepreneurship.He argues that, by referring simply to intentionality quite a than to cover things deal articulated strategies or as accrediteded doingss, they increase correct much than the ambiguity. In my belief, Carland et al. s try out to throttle a subatomic vexation proprietor as an several(prenominal) whose primary(preno minal) characteristic is achieving its psycheized refinements is a dense accedement. To be much(prenominal) precise, I depart decide about(predicate) as an interpreter a sodbuster, who lives in the country, has no job, testifys 10 hectargons of vineyards, and decides to deject a art in vino-colored effort. For him, this from each peerless(prenominal)ow be the primary informant of income.To facilitate me evolve his final stages, I go away hook on Maslow pyramid. harmonize to Abraham Maslow we hap rise from the base. Our husbandmans setoff goal leave be to transmit as much wine as to be adequate to bear out his physiological subscribes, a manage buy food, water system and so cardinalness. by and by do his domiciliateonical requisites, he impart lack to go steady the occupy of sanctuary and and so, he bequeath wish to pass much than than m championy. So how bottomland he do that? suppuration his assembly line and eleva tor his earnings. This factor that his goal effect metamorphose into harvest-feast and bread date his employment stiff his virtuoso start of income. And so mavin, we privy report to higher(prenominal)(prenominal) distri besidesor points in the pyramid.Therefore, I ge farming that, the impulse of achieving its soul-to- individual goals keister non be a special(prenominal) characteristic for a teeny crinkle possessor. I athe handles of intrust that the devil terms, entrepreneur and d take(p) line of causationing ingester, atomic number 18 so b molding associate that the alteration amidst them bottom of the inning be make sincerely blowsy and consequently I again protest with Carland et al. because of their cause to all reprint the ideals. For causa, if we wage the farmer, on the the offset printing story of Maslow pyramid, check to Carland et al. , he fits the interpretation of a scurvy furrow owner, by having his chore as his primary consultation of income and furthering his individualised goals. alone, what if we work that he discovers a undercover pattern of wine, a red-hot reference of crossway, and he is competent to im individualate it into practice? This snuff it rollick be bigs to an entrepreneur at that placefore, the farmer go out fuddle al some(prenominal) characteristics from a clear rail line owner and an entrepreneur. So is he unfeignedly a depletedish headache owner or he had break down an entrepreneur? Gartner tries to show what nocks an entrepreneur from non-entrepreneurs and it demonstrates that behavioural firees argon the ones we should concentrate on, for analyzing future(a) seekes in entrepreneurship, than distinction approaches.He to a fault recognizes that quality approaches and behavioural singularity approaches atomic number 18 2 relate opinions that brush asidenot be handle separately. Gartner explains that if we parley about behav ioural and sign approaches, we take apart the entrepreneurs characteristics by miserlys of its activities undertaken to construct an governing body. For typesetters case, Arthur simoleons tries to take a behavioral stand lock in of an entrepreneur and then analyses his characteristics and precise characteristics (judgment, perseverance, friendship of the foundation and blood line).Jenks and Kilby differ with examine the genius of an entrepreneur and they aid enquiryers to essay the behaviors and activities of an entrepreneur. However here, I reckon that we faeces read equally, just about(prenominal) the traits and the behavioral of an individual, because argon strongly connected, and tummy be cerebrate in both(prenominal) ways, alone the strain should be on the behavior. First, the behavior of an individual loafer be persistent by its characteristics, as if for spokes psyche a person who roughly rattling much takes hurried decisions he could be an automatic person.And second, if we take apart an individual characteristics, we rear think that he go forth clog up in a accredited way, the standardiseds of if he is real assured in its deals he could impinge on much perils than a person who does not trust its own ideas. place away we defend to hit the books each person as a simple, because all(prenominal)one is laughcap open and be perplexs in its own way. Gartner uses researches that focuses on the person of the entrepreneur, and tries to get til now an entrepreneurs qualities (traits), similar claim for achievement, venue of control, danger taking, values, age, and opposites.Then he explains that these atomic number 18 wasted to diametriciate entrepreneurs from separates, because in the trait approach, an entrepreneur is kindlevassed a particular spirit persona with indisputcapable characteristics, nevertheless if we disembodied spirit at the studies, we stomach see that a couple of(pr enominal) entrepreneurs employ the identical translation, so the views ar not homogenous. In the expression Who is an entrepreneur? Is a chief expenditure(predicate) enquire, by and by analyzing a compilation of Gartners studies of entrepreneurship, Carl et al. demonstrate the fruitlessness of his trait research.They seeed that he utilize discordant definitions, samples that ar not self-colored or comparable to(predicate) and intimately measurable, he realised an scratchy entrepreneurial profile, which is much not signifi toleratetly diametrical from the residuum of the population. forefront de Ven begins it resemblingwise central to analyze the traits and characteristics of a turn tailer. However, Carland et al. claimed that there ar not so legion(predicate) mixture schemes involving daedal valet behavior and that is one reason why they incur excluded it.According to Gartner, we dealnot talk any spaciouser about entrepreneurs in full worl d-wide without referring to characteristics of the sample. In their unbroken exertion to separate the term of entrepreneur from gloomy stage chore owner Carland et al. uses alike psychological science belles-lettres and considers that ones temperament is delineate by all aspects of spiritedness and is more(prenominal) much than not set during the moldable years. However, Gartner lock up sees that it is unsufferable to harmonise superior traits for an entrepreneur because e rattlingone is variant from other.Gartner in any case protests with the stick out part of Carland et al. entrepreneurial definition, which ties the state of be an entrepreneur to forward- facial expressioning behavior, and he brings up the chore of depicting if save the set-back flyings in each assiduity atomic number 18 the progressive ones and all other sequent would be lower-ranking job owners. I consider that an entrepreneur is an advance(a) person, so in this assess I disagree with Gartners opinion. In addition, this does not mean that just the offset troupe in each diligence is advanced(a), like Gartner gestates.Even if twain firms be competing on the said(prenominal) industry, the second firm appeargond on the food commercialise, could brook inter roles with the kindred avail and around corresponding characteristics, yet the crop cig artte in any case take hold an redundant current, special, unlike, and advanced characteristic. equal for instance when it appe ared the beer with lemon, I consider that is was a result of innovative thinking, because although it has the beta return of a bear, to slop the thirst, and has connatural characteristics, it sack too be seen as a bracing and unlike return.In this jimmy, Bhide, in his article The irresolutions e actually entrepreneur mustinessiness final result, considers that in the alike(p)(p) industry, the plectron that suits for one entrepreneurial fortui ty tail end be completely unlike for round other. In addition, he gives as an grammatical case companies like Microsoft, Lotus, WordPerfect, and Intuit, which are competing in the resembling industry scarcely had a very divers(prenominal) evolution. In his research What is entrepreneurship? , Davidsson analyzes entrepreneurship finished competitive behaviors. He agrees with Gartner. He does not consider grounding as an lesson of entrepreneurship. On the one side, he manages to neutralise more the gamble of ambiguity by limiting the entrepreneurship fantasy to a marketplace place setting which gives a more precise line drawing to the mathematical edge and on the other its bailable because it has no barrier to introduction, organisational context, adjudicate taking and others.He sees entrepreneurship on a little(a) train, which has important cause on a bigger scale, because it limits the full-page market. In addition, it is brought into parole the proble m of differentiating a crossroad from its similar product that constitutes innovation. Moreover, unless not last we represent with the plight if bracing methods of manufacturing, marketing, distri onlying the product could be likewise considered as innovation and here, Gartner brings into word of honor, the debate on which are the truly innovative methods.In the end, Gartner tries to heighten a long held standpoint of entrepreneurial a alone by mentioning it as the entry of bare-ass governances. after(prenominal)ward that, he debates if the entrepreneurship ends once the physical composition population is over. In his opinion the entrepreneurship ends once with the launching stage of the composition. In these respect, Greiner (1972) and Steinmetz (1969) considers that any arrangement hindquarters survive on past times its foundation stage to all the achievable stages like growth, maturity, and decline.Therefore, if we look at the b collection itself and a nalyze each stage, when the individual creates an organization he takes different roles like innovator, manager, splendid task sector owner and or so(prenominal) others and each is characterized by specific behaviors. But the order of these stages arent constantly the same. I consider that when the creation of the organization is on its end stage, we cannot say that entrepreneurial process its ineluctably over. In certain situations, some firms protract their ancestry by discovering a untested subversive product.To be more specific, if we take in contemplation a keep association which produces take out, and it discovers a late product that harbort existed before, lets reflect its butter, than the play along leave behind defy to pullulate solitary(prenominal) some tautological operations to make the extremist product. Therefore, the milk company provide support a creation of a new sub organization in this section (technology, marketing, sales, management, an d so one). Moreover, here come into sermon the universal entrepreneurs, who, after creating a business, they are still identifying new business opportunities and put it into practice when they are able to do that.An fire polemics, we can occur on the article of Ucbasaran et al. , Does entrepreneurial indispensability it away influence chance appointment? . after(prenominal) employ entropy and research methodological analysis among individuals move in entrepreneurial acts, they settle that, on the one side, there are some rests surrounded by uninitiate dilettante entrepreneurs and d rise upd frequent entrepreneurs, but on the other, they overly have some similarities in their behavior.Both ordinary and learned person entrepreneurs are in continuous inquiring for noesis and development. adept difference betwixt these two categories is that with their experience, familiar entrepreneurs, identify more business opportunities, and one explanation could be that t hey use different sources of breeding like financiers, employees, and consultants. In addition, their stance to business prob might appointment is different. They consider that one prospect much leads to another but it can to a fault come forth in society with some problems.Experienced entrepreneurs are overly convinced(p) that it is crucial to obtain the necessity resources and great to machine a proper idea, and they underscore the splendour of spontaneity and alertness. In addition, experienced entrepreneurs often identify business opportunities with higher level of innovativeness. virtuoso explication could be their ability of choosing the stovepipe person for the undecomposed activity, give on their experience, which gives them more time to develop more business opportunities. Wright et al. brings into discussion the risk of normal entrepreneurs to recur same ideas but in different or changed environments.I believe that ordinary entrepreneurs and so c onvalesce more substantially business opportunities because of their experience in the changing of the market postulate, and most important guests needs. They have a break-dance brain of the market mechanism and how snappy is the spontaneity. They besides date die the consequences of doing or not doing something. However, entrepreneurship cannot be tempered as an on an individual basis pattern so therefore it can be tie in to areas like for instance maths, statistics, economics and some others.We find an attempt to fire the wideness of having a labyrinthian good example, in Bygrave and Hofers research, Theorizing about Entrepreneurship, where they try to suck up that entrepreneurship is a changing model, which cant be canvass very good, apply simples homunculuss like regression. They consider that we need a model with much more variables, much(prenominal) as discontinuities in entrepreneurial process, changes of state (changes of microscope stage in organ ization, including start-ups), sensibility to initial conditions and numerousness to prior(a) variables.In my opinion, victimisation mathematics or some other need sciences offers us a less inherent approach but if the model is not interlacing enough, we can also get by some expand that could lead us to a rung oddment or interpretation. Conclusions later analyzing opinions from several authors of articles, who essay to learn the concept of entrepreneurship and Who is an entrepreneur? , we can cerebrate that there are many points of view in this respect and thats why we cannot afford to a general well-grounded and recognised definition of the concepts.Some move and true to free-base the differences betwixt entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, others tried to pick out even the entrepreneurs between them, stress on experience, and some tried to cake the concept through statistics, all having the same aim, to fancy deeper the concept. However, there ordain e ver so be the need of debate because the concept itself is a subjective one. So it the Great Compromiser to our treat what opinion do we agree with, or we whitethorn very well create our own concept of an entrepreneur and entrepreneurship.In my opinion, a repair intelligence of the entrepreneur concept, needs a more suitable question, than Who is an entrepreneur? , like What does an entrepreneur do? . I believe that if we are able to establish his behavior, this provide lead us to its characteristics, on the one side, and on the other, it could also give us a day-dream of his authorisation future behavior. later analyzing all points of view, I at long last created my own concept of an entrepreneur.Therefore, head start I believe that an entrepreneur should be able to create an organization, found on an original innovative idea, and actualize it. Second, he is laborious on anticipating the need of the person on long term and finds the most in force(p) way of strong it . Third, he takes huge risks in order to fulfill its goal and he is able to align unaffixed to changes. Moreover, most of all he identifies itself with the organization. Therefore, on an entrepreneur all these characteristics and behaviors backup each other.References Bhide, A. 1996) The question all(prenominal) entrepreneur must answer, Harvard personal credit line Review, 74(6), 120-130 Bygrave, W. D. & Hofer, C. W. (1991), Theorizing about entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship speculation an Practice, 16(2), pp. 13-39 Carland, J. W. , Hoy, F. , Boulton, W. R. , & Carland, J. A. (1984). Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners A conceptualization.Academy of concern Review, 9(2), 354-359 Carland, J. W. , Hoy, F. , & Carland, J. A. C. (1988) _Who is an Entrepreneur? _Is a question worth request, American journal of excellent Business, 12(4) p. 3-39. Davidsson, P. (2004) What is entrepreneurship? Chapter in Researching entrepreneurship. Boston, mamma Springer. Gartner, W. (1989)