Consumer Behavior

What does the purchase of a carrefourion interchangeable Nike mean to Sunder Singh? Sunder Sing, alone escaping homelessness is clearly proud that he was able to save and bargain for a pair of Nikes. He could undoubtedly kick in purchase a distinguishable brand that would micturate met his physical gets as well for much less money which he does not asseverate wherefore he bought the more expensive Nikes, a reasonable interpretation is that they serve as a visible symbol that Sunder Singh is back as a successful. Sunder Singh is not Unique among low-income consumer in wanting and buying items much(prenominal) as Nike shoes.As one expert joints. The low income consumer wants the same harvest-feast and go few different consumer want. He points that selling efforts reflect those desires. An another(prenominal) expert state. at that prescribes this sort out that they dont prep atomic number 18 enough money for toothpaste and thats just not true. There has been som e(a) signifi pratce to them universe called lower income, but they do buy things. The working poor atomic number 18 constrained to spend a disproportionate indue of theirs income on ho exploitation, utilities and medical cargon due to lack of insurance.They principally relay on public transportation, they spend a little portion of their relatively small income on meals away from home and all forms of entertainment such as admission, pets and toys they spend real little on their own financial security. However Sunder Singh illustrated they spend the same perpenny of their income though a smaller amount on app bel and accessories. 2. What does the story say about our society and the impact of foodstuffing on consumer conduct? Society can exist without Marketing, but Marketing cannot exist without SocietyMarketing is the caution routine of anticipating, identifying and satisfying clients requirements. The various conventional marketing tools- advertising, branding, deport m arketing, gross revenue packaging, advancement & public relations. Effect of marketing on society, in breakicular on Vulnerable Groups Marketing and society, the commensuration of the twain words raises a few eyebrows, as it is luxuriouslyly debatable. On the one hand, Society thrives on the marketing efforts of the Companies, enchantment another school of thought argues that marketing makes the society more materialistic.Today, striking a residue amongst the two is the challenge faced by the Marketers. The society expects the logical argument to be ethical and desires incorporate executives, at all takes to apply ethical principles in other words, guidelines as to what is right and wrong, fair and unfair, and chastely correct, when they make c atomic number 18 closes. Advertisers are traditionally use techniques to which children and adolescents are more susceptible, such as product placement in TV shows, tie in between movies and fast food restaurants, to mention a few.Therefore there exist many marketing evils that lure populate to buy even when not required. slip III Star Airways 1. What is liable(predicate) to be the decision summons in case of choosing an airline? emptor decision processes are the decesion making processes undertaken by consumers in regard to a potential market action before, during, and after the purchase of a product or avail. More primarily, decision making is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. Decision making is said to be a mental construct.This means that although we can never see a decision, we can infer from observable behaviour that a decision has been made. Therefore we conclude that a psychological event that we call decision making has occurred. It is a construction that im preparees commitment to action. That is, base on observable actions, we tire out that pile support made a commitment to effect the action. In oecumenical there are three way s of analysing consumer buying decisions. They are * Economic models These models are largely quantitative and are based on the assumptions of rationality and near entire knowledge.The consumer is seen to maximize their utility * Psychological models These models concentrate on psychological and cognitive processes such as motivation and need recognition. They are qualitative rather than quantitative and build on sociological factors like pagan influences and family influences. * Consumer behaviour models These are practical models employ by marketers. They typically blend some(prenominal)(prenominal) economic and psychological models. Consumer decision making is best summarised in the following diagramProblem recognition The need for new airlines Consumers of India received a problem with the product that is continueed by other similar airlines. The consumer choose product be yard of their forest and service. Information inquisition Surfs the internet to learn about air lines. View TV ad, hear from family members or friends. May read certain magazine when at home or outside Evaluation of Alternative and selection compares several airlines in footing of reputation and available features, Price point and price reduction offered free gifts. bargain for decision Choose on airline it has a feature that very appeals to him and buys it Purchase Behavior dissonance and complex evaluation. 2. Would this plan suggested by the vice president help in convincing the customers to use Star Airways? Give your reasons. Consumer decision making process is a list of steps that are carried out by consumers concerning to a potential market transaction, before, during and after the purchase of a product or service. The process includes identifying the problem, collecting tuition, evaluating the alternatives, making the purchase decision and evaluating post purchase.Information expect when a consumer discovers a problem or a need, he or she is likely to search for more information on how to solve it. The information search stage involves gathering information from various sources in order to make a meliorate-informed decision, it helps clarifies the options open to the consumer which may involve internal search Understanding customer needs is the keystone to Star Airways success. The most successful companies understand the value of their customers as they measure success by the amount of customers they serve separately(prenominal) year.Increasing customer base is a ending and a challenge that every follow must face. Listening to customers and researching the market go forth provide a federation with opportunities to capture an industry widener. Finding cost effective ways to meet customer get hold ofs are at the root of the challenge. Star Airways must face this challenge head-on while keeping the customer in the forefront of any action the participation takes. They must develop products that will appeal to customers and delimi t in new business. This problem solution will discuss opportunities and well as analyze an optimal solution.That will assist Star Airways in achieving their goals. The variety of successful strategies in use at once was in full display at the ATW Winning Strategies conference in Washington, where some of the airline industrys keenest minds shared their wisdom. Dr. go Pilarski, senior VP at consultancy Avitas, opened the conference with a controversial statement, the myth of overcapacity is an urban legend, pointing out that historically high load factors should push fares up. If airlines dont make money when they have the highest load factors ever, there is something wrong with their business model. He implied that airline managers over think of their strategies and fail to follow what he called Adams Rule Revenue peachy than cost equals good. The first thing to do is Dont be stupid, he said, adding a list of stupid strategies Dont hurt customers. No extreme yield management. No bad airline names. No adversary relations with employees. Do not have stupid business plans. Please remember you are in a service industry, he said, and try to avoid what former Continental CEO Gordon Bethune referred to as sky nazi confine service.He criticized nickel-and-dime attitudes toward cutting amenities, scoffing at airlines publicized moves to remove olives and pillows. You must cut costs in ways that make sense, connect to productivity. Cost control has to fit the business model, and must be related to productivity. The plan suggested by the VP Marketing, Anil Saxena, felt that the company needed to advertise its dedication to quality and reconstruct an image of being discussions with the advertising agency to launch a campaign in the near future.Advertising persuade the Consumer when a company wants their product to sell to consumers, they bowl over them a reason why their product is better than others. Advertising sells to consumers wants not just to their ne eds. People need a car but want a Cadillac. They need clothes, but they want Ralph-Lauren. When most people flip though ads the go fairly fast, and hence it must grab their attention. A good ad allows the reader to instantly recognize the concept being communicated. It sends a simple and easy message to the reader of the benefits they will get if they use their product.Cigar, cigarette, and alcohol ads in the mid 1900s persuade the reader that their products provide a beneficial and pleasurable experience. Case IV Mouse-Rid 1. Has Shobha set the best target market for Mouse-Rid? wherefore or why not? Shobha has targeted women for the product. She feels that women are the best separate to target because they dont like the mess or the risks make desired by traditional nobble set ups. This is a good marketing segment to start off with but there are a lucifer of things that Shobha could have improved on.First off, she should have plausibly segmented women into a couple differ ent free radicals. In todays world all women dont stay at home and take apportion of kids. In fact the population of women that do that is rapidly shrinking and being replaced by independent professionals. In effect, by targeting women that stay at home, Shobha is targeting a shrinking market. She could probably segment women into a couple different categories. For example working women, single women, house wives, etc. There are to a fault other markets which Shobha could target.Some other market segments that hold large potential for the Trap-Ease are market like environmentalist, animal lovers, corporate business and families. The Trap-Ease swipe trap is re-useable and therefore creates less of a strain on the environment which would make it very attractive things for environmentalists and people who care about the earth. The environmentalist market is likewise growing as people became more aware of global warming and other problems such as deforestation. Animal lovers would l ove the Trap-Ease mouse trap because it doesnt require poison or pose the risk of snapping disagreeable on a paw or tongue of a pet.Corporate Business would probably like the Trap-Ease mouse trap because of its high qualitymore futuristic image and the fact that it would create as much of a mess. They wouldprobably be less indecisive to have them sitting around the office. Families with kidsshould be the primary market segment of Trap-Ease seeing as it will probably be their largest. Mouse traps and poison pose a very large risk to infants and toddlers and caringmothers and fathers would probably happily buy a product which would better protecttheir children.It seems that the Trap-Ease mouse trap has positioned itself in the market as being a veryinnovative and well engineered product. It has done this by winning awards from tradeshows and magazines. If it is better able to connect these features of the mouse traps withthe needs and wants of their target consumers therefore they should be able to generate alarger demand. They could in any case try to change its position a little bit. Trap-Ease could excessively position the product as causing less waistline because it is re-useable o rthey could lower its cost and make it more affordable.By making it the mostaffordable, innovative mouse trap on the market they could probably gain some moredemand. Another way in which they could position their product would be by having an incredibly good customer service team that could deliver services to their customers thatwere having problems using the product. By having a good customer service team theycould build better relationships with their customers and increase their customer equity The marketing mix of a company consists of the four Ps Product, Price, Place andPromotion.Currently Trap-Ease save has one product, their mouse trap. They probably could create a couple different versions of their mouse trap in order to offer more variety. The higher price of thei r mouse trap seems to be undifferentiated with a quality differentiation outline but they probably could offer a wider range of prices on the different models oftheir trap if they chose to emit their product range. Right now they are trying todistribute their product finished stores like Kmart and Safeway. A really good market tohit would probably be the internet.People on in the internet are often clock into quality,ease of use, and innovativeness and dont mind spending a little more money to get whatthey want. It is in like manner a high profit market because it reduces transportation costs and thereare no middle man costs. The advancement of the Trap-Ease mouse trap seems to be one oftheir largest problems. They should promote over the internet for certain on sites thatthey think their target market will be visiting and they should also think about putting outads on TV. In this changing high tech environment magazine ads arent enough anymore.Trap-Ease Americas competition i s any company that creates mouse traps. They face amarket in which large volume of low quality low cost mouse traps are sold. There arealso poisons that are sold which are a insecurity to pets and animals as well as the mice theyare supposed to kill. There are also other versions of live halt mouse traps out there. An example of one of Trap-Eases competition is d-CON who offers both baits and traps. They actually also offer a version of a no touch mouse trap in which you dont have totouch the mouse after you have trapped it.They are selling this for 150 which is higher and so the suggested retail price for the Trap-Ease mouse trap which is 10 six times more expensive. This would suggest that Trap-Ease has priced lower then some of its competitors which will give it apricing advantage. Companies such as Havahart offer traps which humanely catcheverything from mice to voles and shrews and are competition for the humane factors ofthe Trap-Ease trap. Other competitors include Victor, JT Eaton and Riddex. The first thing I would do to change Trap-Eases marketing strategy would be to increasethe amount of people in their marketing team.Although Martha was probably trying tokeep depressed costs by not hiring anyone for her marketing team she made one unadulteratedmistake. One of the most primal things when coming out with a new product is themarketing because until youve communicated the benefits of your product to the consumer there will not be sufficient demand for it. Her entry into the market was toosmall scale and chances are that with such an innovative product that the company willdo better in the long run with a larger scale entry. She should have asked for a largerbudget and engage more people for the marketing team.She should have then put muchmore work into the Analysis of her target markets and perad gage expanded her scope oftarget markets while increasing the segmentation. This would allow her to betterdifferentiate her product. I would put in operating(a) controls and strategical controls in order to monitor the marketingteams progress and make sure that what they are doing is consistent with the companysgoals and strategy. These controls would very pregnant for gathering the informationthat would form the strategies in the coming years.It would also probably help to do amarket audit at some point during the first year just to make sure that things are runningsmoothly and it shouldnt cost that much to do one at such an early stage in thecompanies development because of the smaller volume of papers to audit. Summary Targeting The targeting should have been done within a broader demographic area. Slums, warehouses, go downs, docks, kirana shops, retail stores, restaurant, canteens and cold storages must be targeted for potential customers. The segmenting must avail wholesalers and the intermediaries too part from the retailers. Marketing channels like Toll-free numbers, newspaper, television, radio and mobile marketing m ust be used effectively to target MEN. Pest control companies must be primarily targeted and a joint venture can be planned if necessary. We should target to environmentalists, animal lovers and corporate business. 2. Does Shobha have enough needed entropy on consumer behavior? What type of consumer research should Shobha conduct? Shobha have no enough needed entropy on consumer behaviour. She should adopt the following entropy collection method actings DATA COLLECTION METHODS DESK RESEARCH OR inessential DATA Secondary data consists of information that already exists somewhere, having been store for another purpose. In other words, secondary data are those which have been collected by someone else and which have already been passed with statistical process, there are two sources of this data Internal sources this is data which is available within the company, although companies do not make full enough use of the information that is routinely collected. External sources t his is data which has been produce for commercial reasons.A key source of secondary data is the library service and most good libraries have a wide range of sources. Some government data is available free, other secondary data can be very expensive. It is important in a research project to know what data is available since this will guide the structure and format of the fieldwork in the primary data collection stage. It is come-at-able that secondary data sources can provide the complete answer to the problem under scrutiny. The least it will do is save time and money in directing the scope of the field work. It can also influence the choice of data collection methods used in the field ork. Primary entropy Kotler and Armstrong say that primary data consists of information collected for the specific purpose at hand. In other words, primary data are those, which are collected afresh and for first time and thus come about to be original in character. Once the desk research is comp lete the researcher will have a much clearer idea of The up-to-date and relevant data What data still needs to be collected to find a solution to the problem under scrutiny. To achieve the data and information the research teams need to answer certain questions What is it necessary to know?Who will have the information which is sought? What is the best method (quick and efficient) to use to collect this data? It is important to streamline the answers to these questions to avoid collecting a mass of conflicting data by inappropriate or inefficient methods. The two types of data are Quantitative Data As the term implies this is data which is expressed in numbers. Quantitative data is quite easy to collect, and a large amount of reliable and valid data can be collected largely by questionnaire in quite a short period of time. It is a fairly formal approach.This data arises from what is termed closed questions because the respondent is restricted in the choice of answer the respond ent can give. soft data soft data is obtained from convocation discussions or in-depth interviews and its findings are based on content rather than numeric analysis. Qualitative data is said to be much more subjective than its counterpart. Questions are open-ended and can lead to a free ranging and in-depth discussion on a specific point which provides a variety of enough data. There are no numbers or digits in this data and it is not subject to statistical interpretation.TYPES OF PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION 1) OBSERVATION Observation becomes a scientific tool and the method of data collection for the researcher when it serves a formulated research purpose is systematically planned and recorded and is subjected to checks and controls on validity and reliability. Under the observation method the information is sought by way of investigators own direct observation without asking from respondent. 2) SURVEYS Surveys are concerned with describing, recording, analyzing and interpreting conditions that exist or existed.The researcher does not see the variable or arrange for events to happen Surveys are only concerned with conditions or relationships that exist, opinions that are held, processes that are going on, effects that are evident or trends that are developing. They are primarily concerned with present but at times do consider past events and influences as they relate to current conditions. 3) experimentation Experiment may be conducted in lab or in the field. The researcher can trial run the relative sales appeals for package, designs, price, forward motional offers and copy themes etc. , by designing suitable experiments to identify cause and effect.The first thing I would do to change is marketing strategy would be to increasethe amount of people in their marketing team. Although Shobha was probably trying to keep down costs by not hiring anyone for her marketing team she made one important mistake. One of the most important things when coming out wit h a new product is the marketing because until youve communicated the benefits of your product to the consumer there will not be sufficient demand for it. Her entry into the market was too small scale and chances are that with such an innovative product that the company will do better in the long run with a larger scale entry.She should have asked for a larger budget and hired more people for the marketing team. She should have then put much more work into the Analysis of her target markets and perhaps expanded her scope of target markets while increasing the segmentation. This would allow her to better differentiate her product. I would put in operating controls and strategic controls in order to monitor the marketing teams progress and make sure that what they are doing is consistent with the companys goals and strategy. These controls would very important for gathering the information that would form the strategies in the coming years.It would also probably help to do amarket aud it at some point during the first year just to make sure that things are runningsmoothly and it shouldnt cost that much to do one at such an early stage in thecompanies development because of the smaller volume of papers to audit. 3. What type of advertising can influence consumers for this type of product? . The low cost of posters and handbills encouraged a numberof publishers to experiment with other methods. method were useful fo rinforming and reminding and reminding, they could not do the whole promotional job.Theywere used only to reach each consumer person-to-personly. The merchant still used personal persuasiononce the customers were attracted to his store. The invention of hand press increased the potentialities of advertising. times, posters had made their appearance, and simulated the function of fostering demand for the product. CASE VI Impact of Retail Promotions on Consumers 1 Why would some consumers have high-involvement levels in learning about this sales promot ion? A good rendering of sales promotion would be as follows An activity designed to boost the sales of a product or service.It may include an advertising campaign, increased PR activity, a free-sample campaign, offering free gifts or trading stamps, arranging demonstrations or exhibitions, setting up competitions with attractive prizes, temporary price reductions, door-to-door calling, telemarketing, personal letters on other methods. More than any other element of the promotional mix, sales promotion is about action. It is about stimulating customers to buy a product. It is not designed to be instructive a role which advertising is much better suited to. Sales promotion is commonly referred to as Below the Line promotion.Sales promotion can be directed at The ultimate consumer (a pull strategy encouraging purchase) The distribution channel (a push strategy encouraging the channels to stock the product). This is usually know as selling into the trade Some customers show high l evel of involvement in sales promotion is to know about the features product, competitors product which replace the same product, price and discount offered for the product. Additional kit or benefit for the product, and to know what the new arrivals in the market are. Customers will also learn about he stores and its goodwill by such type of sales promotions. Is a level of 75 per cent comprehension realistic among those who become aware of an ad? Why or why not? Results of the study showed that ad exposure was 75 per cent and ad awareness level was 68 per cent and was considered as high. Only 43 percent respondents exposed to and aware of the ad copy could accurately recall important details, such as the name of the store promoting the retail sale. Just 43 per cent correct interpretation was considered as low. Of those who could accurately interpret the ad copy, 32 per cent said they think to respond by purchasing the advertised products and 68per cent sad they had no intention t o buy.This yields an overall intention to buy of 7 per cent. The largest area of lost opportunity was due to those who did not accurately interpret the ad copy. The post-promotion survey indicated that only 4. 2 per cent of the target market customers made purchases of the promoted products during the promotion period. In terms of how the buyers learned of the promotion, 46 per cent mentioned newspaper A (Hindi), 27 per cent newspaper B (Hindi), 8 per cent newspaper (English), and 15 per cent learned about sale through word-of mouth communication. Do you think such promotions are likely to influence the quality image of the retail store? Explain. Basically, promotion is first introduced in the 4Ps of marketing. The four Ps represents the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place Promotion) and the promotional mix is the important term used to explain the set of tools of the business. This is applied to achieve benefit of its products and services from its consumer and the followings are (Advertising, existence relation, Direct Marketing, Personal selling and Sales promotion) On the other hand consumer behaviour is another important aspect in the retail business sector.Consumers are not always averageal/simple buyer. There are many aspects involved in buying decision process. They hold strategic shopping appearance at the time of buying a product or services from a company. The main find and objective of this research is such promotions are likey to influence the qulity immage of the retials store. such Sales promotion has a swell impact and influence on consumer buying behaviour in the retails stores based on Tesco retail store. Such sales promotion role has a great impact on consumer buying behaviour.It has a great and strong significance role on retail industry sector. Basically sales promotions strategies used as a short-term technique tool which principal objective is to influence the ultimate buyers to try a brand or change their mind to another brand. Sales promotion represent to discount a brand, it can be directly or indirectly, directly price reduction or indirectly through coupons premiums. But when the retail stores withdraw the sales promotion, then the normal price should have had a indifferent value and the result of this should have had a negative impact on consumer buying behavior.The study focuses the portentous attitude, perception of the consumer behaviour and it reflects the consumer loyalty on the basis of customer relationship management. Here the findings and analysis have discovered the vital reason that impacts positively on consumer buying behaviour and in the sales volume. consume and Problem recognition Information Search Evaluation and Selection Decision Implementation Post Purchase ProcessesConsumer Behavior2. What is the basic conflict between a fad, a fashion, a classic, and a trend? offer example of each. A fashion refers to a means that is true by a large group of people at a presumptuousness time such as skinny jeans. Some styles become classics, which are styles that become acceptable and in good taste anytime and place such as the classic black dress. A fad is a short lived fashion that curtly becomes popular and quickly disappears generally it only affects a specific group of the population such as low rise jeans wore by juniors.A trend is a general direction or execution as a style begins to be accepted such as the revival of high-waist jeans made from a light denim which also were worn in the 60-70s. 11. State some differences between the positivist and interpretivist approaches to consumer research. For each type of inquiry give examples of product dimensions what would be more usefully explored using that type of research over the other. plus assume the nature of reality is objective, tangible, and single, while the interprevisit believe that nature of reality is socially constructed and multiple, this should be used with products that are socially minded and include interactions based on technology such as social networking. Positivist have a goal of prospicience which is good when trying to create trend reports and in the process of product development, while interpretivist goal is of understanding, this would be most useful when analyzing behavior toward products already on the market. . What is the difference between an enacted norm and a crescive norm? Identify the set of crescive norms operating when a man and a fair sex in your finis go out for dinner on a first date. What would they break off? An enacted norm are explicitly resolute upon while crescive norms are plant in a purification and are only discovered through interaction with other members of the culture.When a young man and woman go out on a first date, if they are both from the same culture then they are following crescive norms, because they are both following the norms which are accepted within their given culture. If they are both from completely different cul tures, then they would be operating on enacted norms. What they would come apart would be obstinate based upon what is accepted in their culture as appropriate wear for the occasion. 3. Read the Article trunk Ritual Among the Nacirema and discuss what is going on.Consumer Behavior2. What is the basic difference between a fad, a fashion, a classic, and a trend? Provide example of each. A fashion refers to a style that is accepted by a large group of people at a given time such as skinny jeans. Some styles become classics, which are styles that become acceptable and in good taste anytime and place such as the classic black dress. A fad is a short lived fashion that suddenly becomes popular and quickly disappears generally it only affects a specific group of the population such as low rise jeans wore by juniors.A trend is a general direction or movement as a style begins to be accepted such as the revival of high-waist jeans made from a light denim which also were worn in the 60-70 s. 11. State some differences between the positivist and interpretivist approaches to consumer research. For each type of inquiry give examples of product dimensions what would be more usefully explored using that type of research over the other.Positivist assume the nature of reality is objective, tangible, and single, while the interprevisit believe that nature of reality is socially constructed and multiple, this should be used with products that are socially minded and include interactions based on technology such as social networking. Positivist have a goal of prediction which is good when trying to create trend reports and in the process of product development, while interpretivist goal is of understanding, this would be most useful when analyzing behavior toward products already on the market. . What is the difference between an enacted norm and a crescive norm? Identify the set of crescive norms operating when a man and a woman in your culture go out for dinner on a first da te. What would they wear? An enacted norm are explicitly decided upon while crescive norms are embedded in a culture and are only discovered through interaction with other members of the culture.When a young man and woman go out on a first date, if they are both from the same culture then they are following crescive norms, because they are both following the norms which are accepted within their given culture. If they are both from completely different cultures, then they would be operating on enacted norms. What they would wear would be determined based upon what is accepted in their culture as appropriate wear for the occasion. 3. Read the Article Body Ritual Among the Nacirema and discuss what is going on.Consumer Behavior2. What is the basic difference between a fad, a fashion, a classic, and a trend? Provide example of each. A fashion refers to a style that is accepted by a large group of people at a given time such as skinny jeans. Some styles become classics, which are style s that become acceptable and in good taste anytime and place such as the classic black dress. A fad is a short lived fashion that suddenly becomes popular and quickly disappears generally it only affects a specific group of the population such as low rise jeans wore by juniors.A trend is a general direction or movement as a style begins to be accepted such as the revival of high-waist jeans made from a light denim which also were worn in the 60-70s. 11. State some differences between the positivist and interpretivist approaches to consumer research. For each type of inquiry give examples of product dimensions what would be more usefully explored using that type of research over the other.Positivist assume the nature of reality is objective, tangible, and single, while the interprevisit believe that nature of reality is socially constructed and multiple, this should be used with products that are socially minded and include interactions based on technology such as social networking. Positivist have a goal of prediction which is good when trying to create trend reports and in the process of product development, while interpretivist goal is of understanding, this would be most useful when analyzing behavior toward products already on the market. . What is the difference between an enacted norm and a crescive norm? Identify the set of crescive norms operating when a man and a woman in your culture go out for dinner on a first date. What would they wear? An enacted norm are explicitly decided upon while crescive norms are embedded in a culture and are only discovered through interaction with other members of the culture.When a young man and woman go out on a first date, if they are both from the same culture then they are following crescive norms, because they are both following the norms which are accepted within their given culture. If they are both from completely different cultures, then they would be operating on enacted norms. What they would wear would be de termined based upon what is accepted in their culture as appropriate wear for the occasion. 3. Read the Article Body Ritual Among the Nacirema and discuss what is going on.