Pregnancy, Birth and the Newborn: Focus on Fasd

Running Head FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER Pregnancy, Birth and the Newborn Focus on foetal intoxicant Spectrum Disorder SWHB 405 Human Behavior in the kindly Environment 1 rescind From conception to make, the baffles part in bringing to life and nurturing a healthy sis is paramount. Factors such as the mothers biological, psychological and social environment play important enjoyments in determining the wellbeing of a child. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, an irreversible fix in children caused by maternal(p) alcoholic drink consumption during motherhood will be discussed.Its biological, psychological and societal implications will be deliberated and recommendations of interventions by Social Workers in in alleviating the problem will be suggested. Key words Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Child Development Introduction All human life begins with a fertilized egg cognise as a zygote. By the eighth week, the zygote is transformed into a fetus which has most of its organs formed. After about 9 months (or 38 weeks) of going through transformation within the mothers womb, the mother de peppyrs a bouncing baby boy or girl into the world.During this time it is imperative that circumscribed care and direction is given to the mother and the child that she is carrying. Prenatal care ensures that the mother receives the much necessary medical attention, nutritional advice and a positive life style tips. Particular attention is given unique physiological and medical manifestations which could signal an array of life threatening situations for the mother and unborn child. The culmination of a successful pregnancy is the birth of a baby. Newborns weigh an aver advance between 5. 5 and 9. pounds and they are evoke and alert in first hours of life. Newborns begin acquisition their environment immediately and one of the things they internalize is create a connection with the mothers voice. The six states that a baby maintains a re quiet alert, active voice alert, emit state, drowsiness, quiet sleep, and active sleep (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012). Babies oscillate from an awakening curious baby, peak at crying when uncomfortable, and dip through to active sleep. These changes may occur s low gearly or rapidly throughout the mannequin of any given day.Consequently, knowledge about this this critical life stage, helps parents to be better(p) equipped to share with and nurture the newborn. Risk factors during pregnancy and at birth Various physiological changes in a expectant mother may cause or indicate a risk for both mother and child. A case in point is bleeding in the first trimester or late in the pregnancy which could mean possible loss of the child or neurological issues. In some instances, natural toxins could get in the mothers bodies leading to high blood pressure and weight gain which may be fatal to the mother (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012).Further, an increased weight of the mother could bring on d iabetes in the child, magical spell low weight of the child could be a precursor to psychical retardation. Biological factors that may mint the fetus using during pregnancy include the mothers age, the number of children prior and how far aside she has had each child (Boyce, 2010). Environmental factors, such as living conditions, diet deficiencies, and the emotional well-being of the mother washstand all affect the baby during its 38 week development.Pregnant women should be mindful of substances ingested during pregnancy as these are subsequently ingested by the fetus and affect its development. This is exemplified by studies demonstrating that women who drink caffeine tend to pass on a lower birth rate than women who avoid caffeine (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012). Other substances that could affect fetal development by causing birth deformities, premature births and possible hyperactivity include tobacco, over the counter medications, hormones and alcohol.Prenatal care thither has been shown to dramatically improve the chances of having a healthy baby. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of certain complications during birth tin scum bag have lasting repercussions on a childs life. An example is anoxia, a deficiency of atomic number 8 during birth that could lead to the newborn developing cerebral paralysis. Alcohols relevance in pregnancy, birth and the newborn Alcohol is a teratogen an agent or factor that induces or increases the incidence of abnormal antepartum development (Shiel, 2010).Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is manifested in a continuum of disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) (Warren & Murray, in press). The most severe form of this spectrum referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). An alarming statistic from the Center for Disease master and Prevention (CDC) studies shows that 0. 2 to 2 cases per 1000 babies are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Since FASD presents a long spectrum of symptoms so me of which are less severe, it remains challenging to diagnose (Fleisher, 2010). As a result, FASD among children is either misdiagnosed or remains undetected.On the other hand, it is relatively easier to identify the key diagnostic features of FAS are they are better established. FASD is prevalent worldwide because alcohol is so widely accepted and used in so more cultures. The teratogenic effects of alcohol were not established until the second half of the 20th century when pediatrician, capital of Minnesota Lemoine, in France in 1967 and two American pediatric dysmorphologists, Kenneth Lyons Jones and David Smith in 1973, independently documented the shape of deficits resulting from heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (Warren & Murray, in press).Alcohol was attributed because the children in both settings had common patterns of deficits and it was observed that all of the birth mothers had been diagnosed with alcohol use disorders Biological manifestations The teratogenic effects of alcohol adversely affect the physiological development of the fetus and the child. Newborns and children with FAS generally exhibit stunted growth (CDC. Gov, 1983). A distinguishing feature of children with severe FASD and FAS is facial and limb dysmorphology.These children are generally shorter in stature and weigh less than their peers (Warren & Murray, in press). The cardinal or discriminating features include short palpebral fissures (eye opening), an elongated and hypoplastic philtrum (groove between nose and velocity lip), and a thin upper vermillion lip border or hypoplastic cupids bow. Other features include a low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds (skin folds covering inner corner of the eye), minor ear anomalies, and micrognathia (abnormal smallness of the jaws). Psychological consequencesFacial and limb dysmorphology in children affected by FASD and FAS may cause the child is usually aware that something is different about him or her and hence affect their psychologica l wellbeing. Additionally, children with FASD have cognitive challenges leading to a myriad of problems such as the following memory loss, impaired motor skills, neurosensory hearing loss, impaired visual and spatial skills, intellectual impairment, attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, problems with reasoning and judgment and an inability to appreciate consequences of actions (Wacha & Obrzut, 2007).Treatment and schooling can be very uncorrectable for a child facing these challenges since their massiveest challenge is learning and retaining information. Subsequently, the child may experience low which can result in self-destructive behavior such as substance abuse, inappropriate knowledgeable behavior, and suicide Societal implications Families are affected immensely when a child is born with FASD/FAS since he/she may exhibit anti-social behavior including an exaggerated startle response, poor wake and sleep patterns, impulsiveness, temper tantrums, lying and thievery (Fle isher, 2010).Moreover, schools, local health care systems, childcare and social serve, and the justice system are usually unequipped to address the problems presented by FASD. As a result a person with FASD may experience mental health problems, stop schooling, and involvement with crime, substance abuse, and dependent living and employment difficulties throughout their lifetime. As previously stated, the broad spectrum of manifestations of FASD makes it difficult to diagnose.Consequently, individuals suffering from FASD may not be properly diagnosed and are likely to be labeled social misfits and may spend a troubled life on the margins of society thus creating a monumental emotional burden on society (Wacha & Obrzut, 2007). Interventions to aid those affected by FASD These physical, mental, social, learning and behavioral limitations experienced by individuals with FASD have possible lifelong implications. Fortunately, there is help for both the individuals and their families provided by Social Service agencies in form of resources and assistance indigenceed to have a good attribute of life.Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1975), school aged children with disabilities (including those diagnosed with FAS) are provided with reasonable accommodations including untimed tests, sitting in front of the class, modified homework and the provision of necessary services and a good deal the implementation of an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). An IEP elaborate services that will be provided to assist the child in learning and may include services like Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech and Language Therapy, and/or the provision of a classroom aide.These individuals often have social workers or case managers working with them to ensure that the services documented in the IEPs are being provided and working effectively. Implications of FASD on Social Work FASD provides opportunities for Social Workers to play an importan t role in impacting positive change. Social Workers could take the lead in screening for alcohol use among women of child-bearing age and educate them about the FASD (Boyce, 2010).Women who choose to continue drinking should be encouraged to use contraceptives to reduce the likeliness of giving birth to a child with FASD. Social Workers should also be actively involved in nutrition education to ensure that pregnant mothers are following balanced diet for optimum fetal development. Nutrition education should especially target participants of the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) and Women, Infants and Children (WIC) as these populations income may limit their food choices.FASD often have significant lifelong deficits in functional life skills that can lead to problems with day to day functioning. In adulthood, these deficits can be manifested in mental health difficulties, disrupted job experiences, trouble with the law, substance abuse and difficulties with indepen dent living. Hence Social Workers play the important role of advocating for individuals affected by FASD, helping them to navigate their immediate environment and linking them with support services (Warren & Murray, in press).Prevention of FASD is of great importance and this implies that Social Workers have the responsibility of mobilizing campaigns against drinking during pregnancy. This can be done through corporation education, incorporating medical personnel in research and preventive practice as well as safekeeping alcohol producers accountable for posting health warning labels on publicity items. Conclusion Maternal alcohol use is a worldwide phenomenon that indiscriminately affects families and children of all ethnicities in all societies.Fortunately, it is possible to classify and trailer truck the treatment problems raised by individuals with FASD. The hope is that with continued research, education, and support from Social Service agencies, this problem can be prevente d. While resources are available to help individuals and their families, it is important to know that the best treatment of FASD is prevention. It is not yet known the specific timing, frequency and quantity of alcohol use throughout the gestational tip that are responsible FASD and FAS.Drinking early in the gestational period, before the woman even knows she is pregnant may present special risks for the developing embryo. Thus strategies to prevent alcohol use in pregnancy need to take into consideration that the prevalence of drinking by women of child-bearing age is on the rise in numerous parts of the world and most pregnancies are not planned. Bibliography CDC. Gov. (1983, January 13). Retrieved from Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health progress Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Public Awareness Week http//www. dc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000257. htm Ashford, J. B. , & Lecroy, C. W. (2012). Human Behavior in the Social Environment A Multidimensional Approach. Belmont, CA C ole Cengage. Boyce, M. (2010, June). A Better Future for Baby Stemming the run of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Journal of Family Practice, 59(6). Fleisher, S. (2010, May). Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Raising Awareness about Alcohol in Pregnancy. British Journal of Midwifery, 18(5). Shiel, W. C. (2010, December 21). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.Retrieved from Medicinenet. com http//www. medicinenet. com/fetal_alcohol_syndrome/article. htm Wacha, V. , & Obrzut, J. (2007, June). Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome on neuropsychological Function. Journal of Development and Physical Disabilities, 19(3). Warren, K. , & Murray, M. (in press). Alcohol and Pregnancy Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Alcohol Science, Policy and Public Health. 1 .The purpose of prenatal care is to monitor the development, health and nutritional position of both the mother and the baby during the pregnancy to ensure an uncomplicated pregnancy and the delivery of a live and healthy infant. 2 . Some pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM), a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy (especially during third trimester). 3 . Cerebral palsy is a term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development.

The world is fast becoming a borderless place

I leave come to a point in life that many people have non. I have made a firm finis to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams. While t here(predicate) are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck.I believe in taking hold of my destiny and shape out a future for myself based on the decisions that I make in life. Life is entirely too short and too precious to be left to luck alone. This is why I have chosen to apply for this major in electrical engineering at the University of California Los Angeles.As the world continues to castrate and the workplace obtains more and more challenging and competitive, it becomes imperative for anyone looking for a successful career to non only have the drive to succeed but also the training and expertise to do so.I am not saying that I do not have the training and expertise at the turn but I do believe that the re is still room for more. The rich and different schoolman community at the UCLA testament definitely be the perfect place for me to learn and be alert for the challenges that lie ahead.There have been so many opportunities in life that I have not been adapted to take advantage of because of the competitiveness of the working environment. I believe that this experience and background of mine will help me pursue this dream. Being a (insert career) is only the beginning of a long journey for me.I agnise that it will not be easy and I look forward to that challenge. In the short term, I see myself completing this grade and fulfilling the requirements for this course. I believe that this experience will be sufficient to machinate me for the next step which is applying for a good internship position that will give me the training that I need. I eventually plan to pursue larger goals such as taking a doctoral degree and perhaps starting my own business.The world is fast becoming a borderless place. Cultures, races, beliefs and ideologies are blend unneurotic and interact because of the growing advances in communications. In order to succeed in this world, one needs to be able to adapt to the various cultural differences as well as be able to uphold a certain sense of individual identity.This is the advantage that I feel I can wedge at this fine academic institution the training to be competitive in the global saving and at the same time the flexibility to be able to deal with the different cultures in the diverse business world.That is why I believe that this course is a crucial step for me. My success and my accomplishments here will herald the beginning of the fulfillment of my personal and professional goals. It is said that the one thing that zip can ever take away from you is your education and that is the one thing that I plan to not only gain for myself but for others as well.I am currently a student at Pasadena urban center College in Californ ia taking up electrical engineering. My interest in this field comes from my exposure during my puerility in Shanghai, mainland China, which is one of the largest industrialized cities in the world.As a national of China and a resident of the united States of America, I strongly feel that technology holds the key to the future of not only the people of China but the entire world as well. The evolutions and advances in technology have indeed expanded the frontiers of man. either facet of mans life has been changed by the new technological innovations that have been introduced. Life has become so much easier yet at the same time it seems however that life has also been move into something more complicated presenting new challenges and providing new frontiers to conquer.It is for this reason that I plan to be able to scram gainful employment in one of the industries and do more research in this field. I am confident that my studies in college have adequately prepared me for further study.I am now learning differential coefficient equations, general physics and programming. I have also been particularly interested in electrical fountain circuits generation, electrical inspection and codes. In the near future, I intend to develop skills in physical lore and engineering, skills in management science and skills in problem solving in engineering field as well as solving computer related problems.As an active participant in extra-curricular activities such as soccer, badminton, I have participated in charity and community service within the community and back at home. I usually visit senior center and volunteer donations such as foodstuffs and essential items to them. overly I am the member of AGS club and Math Club. Last spring semester I got deans award and William Miller Scholarship (This is a scholarship from Math Division).

Importance of Technology in Classroom Essay

Technology is any a boon or bane, depends how and for what purpose its being used. If technology is used to cure diseases in people, to help people communicate with each other across geographical boundaries, to reduce human labor by making things simple, easy and accessible, it indeed is a boon. However, if science and technology is used to prepare atomic bombs or other weapons of war, it is harmful. As pros and cons of technology have always been debated, with some people arguing that its the best(p) thing to have happened to human race and some totally against it, it is often wondered should the children, the future of mankind, be introduced to technology at a young age in enlightens? What is the importance of technology in schoolrooms? Lets find out the answersImportance of Technology in the ClassroomActive Participation When schoolchilds are discipline through technology, they are themselves looking for information on the Internet. They make their own decisions regardin g the information i.e. whether it is relevant or irrelevant. They have control over how to use or present this information. Thus, one of the main benefits of using technology for classrooms is that unlike a teacher-led classroom, where students passively receive whatever information the teacher is providing, in tech encompass classrooms, students are active participants.In-depth KnowledgeJon Stewart once commented, The Internet is just a world passing rough notes in a classroom. By using the Internet technology, obtaining information on all kinds of subjects has become genuinely easy. A student sitting in his classroom can learn how people in a small village in Africa live life. Thus, Internet is a kind of library which is at the disposal of a student with just a click. A student can acquire in-depth live onledge on any subject using this vast resource.Real-life Work ExperienceThe importance of technology in the classroom can be gauged from the fact that it offers an experience to students similar to the working surround that one sees in offices. In technology savvy classrooms, a teacher acts as a facilitator who sets project goals for the students and provides them with the necessary resources and guidelines to reach those goals. The student himself makes decisions with regards to the design choices, the information he wants to use and display, the resources that he will use. You may read more on the importance of science and technology. Moreover, these days, students themselves are very tech savvy and may sometimes even know more than the teacher himself. So, in that respect is a constant exchange of information between the students and the teachers. Such an environment prepares a student to work in business organizations in the future.Increased MotivationResearches have shown that there is great importance of integrating technology in the classroom. When students are taught through slide shows or by showing films, it makes the lessons very easy and in teresting for them. It helps in their learning, at the same time motivates them to attend school everyday. Thus, another importance of technology in schools is that it brings down the drop-out rates.Technical SkillsUsing computers on a effortless basis, helps the students in developing an understanding of the unlike computer tools and softwares. This kind of education prepares the students and makes it easier for them to learn about the various software applications in future. You may read more on why is technology so master(prenominal) today. This very well defines the importance of computers in the classroom.

Team Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Team dynamics - Essay ExampleTeams enable employees to exploit their potential and therefore increase job performance. A police squad constitutes of members with diverse experience, skills and qualification, cultures and business backgrounds. To an organization, this translates into potential for success. However, as (Cranny, Smith, & Stone, 1992) notes team building act is a challenging care for that can present numerous challenges to the management.However teams have disadvantages such as reduced independence of talented and assailable workers, social loafing as nearly as bureaucracy hence time wastage (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2005). Tajfel, and Turner, (1979) classifies teams into functional teams which consist only of members drawn from various departments, self-managed teams which are formed to equalise some specific goals and objectives and function with microscopic or no supervision, task forces are teams constituted to oversee completion of specific projects, wh ile process improvement teams are comprised of experts as well as technocrats in a given field.Formation of working teams presents the avocation challenges to leaders establishing strong team leadership, difficulty in establishing positive interpersonal relationships, fear of the teams failing to meet set goals which translates to wasted resources as well as the possibility of members of the team failing to adopt well into the team. These challenges lead to conflicts in the group. As (Cote, & Morgan, 2002) notes, conflicts are not necessarily detrimental to the success of the organization.

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Plan - Essay employmentOne would be in Marlowe Arcade in Canterbury and in Westgate shop Centre at Oxford. twain stores shall carry the same products.The business will be financed with 100,000 by a sole proprietor and 200,000 through a business loan from a bank. Sales are estimated to reach about 52,000 average for the jump and second year. A positive cash flow is projected at the end of the first year.Prints & Plains shall wisecrack products of various British Designers, from casual wear to formal wear, and to special attires depending on the season. As it caters mainly to women in their 20s and 30s who are already busy with their careers, it would present to this target market a wide array of choices in terms of apparel. It would offer practical get ups for the overly busy working women, and would carry stylish and faddy ensembles as well.Covent Garden in London is popular for its shops, street performers, bars, restaurants, theatres and the Royal Opera House. It is an Italian direction piazza holding restaurants, bars and fashionable boutiques and is known for being the capitals premier delight and leisure destination. (Covent Garden Life.Com. 2007). In it are stores selling the countrys leading designer brands, and it has already a steady host of clients having been in operations for several years now.Marlowe Arcade in Canterbury and Westgate Shopping Centre at Oxford are both popular destinations for both local residents and tourists. They are also the scoop places to put up Prints & Plains branches as they are situated along busy districts where the hustle and bustle happens.Prints & Plainss Target Market would primarily be working women in their early 20s to their late 40s, whose monthly net range is from 10,000 to 50,000. They are the ones who appreciate trend and styles and would spend a considerable amount for nice clothing that would fit

Individual and Group Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual and Group Dynamics - testify ExampleSide conversion can be considered as an example of separate and group dynamics within a work aggroup. Side conversions can significantly contribute to positive group dynamics. group members supporting their colleagues efforts may also be a good example. A good group dynamics is characterized with individual helping their team members improves their performance.It is essential for a leader to assess individual and group dynamics within his team to improve the overall group dynamics and to enhance productivity and performance strength of the whole team. In order to assess individual and group dynamics, a leader must manage strong personal relationships with his team members. When the leader is in close touch with his followers, he can all the way evaluate their individual behavioral traits and attitudes towards the work. In addition, the leader must try to spend more eon with his subordinates to understand their needs and wants an d to identify the factors influencing the individual as well as group dynamics. The leader may also use other analytical methods and behavioral strategies to obtain a clear view of the individual and group dynamics within a team. Today using surveillance cameras could be an effective technique to analyze the group dynamics because a leader cannot spend his whole time with the team members. Promoting social relationship among team members is also an advisable strategy because such a policy can uphold the leader to understand the individual dynamics of a worker from his/her colleagues.One of the major aspects of the group dynamics within a work team is how individuals interact with their teammates and the group. Therefore understanding the nature of relationships within a team is particularly relevant to analyze the overall group dynamics. It is specifically recommendable for the leader to ensure that team members obtain the

Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

stigmatization - Essay ExampleThe idea that you are what you buy - that possessions confer status - has long existed and guided whatsoever purchasing, as roughly notably observed by Thorstein Veblen (1899). However, as status became associated with specific cross offs, the next shout historically became the marketing of brand imitations.The act of branding can be traced back to the early 1800s when cowboys would brand their cattle before driving them across the central plains of the United States (Rozin 2002). In order to identify which cattle belonged to each ranch a unique symbol was permanently burned onto the cow. These symbols, in addition to service as a means of identification, provided a set of traditions and a social identity for the cowboys.Today, companies persona brands to attain themselves from their competition and to communicate unique qualities of their products (Aaker and Keller 1990 Low and Fullerton 1994). Once a brand is established, the brand name itself is judgement to add value to the product in the minds of consumers. This added value is referred to as brand equity (Aaker 1991). Companies and designers often charter marketing strategies that capitalize on their brand equity and place a greater value on the shapes and labels of their products than the material from which they are made. Such companies provide buyers with what are conventionally called elite group brands, defined by Silverstein and Fiske (2003) as those brands that possess higher levels of quality, taste and aspiration than other brands in the product category. These products are often justifiably damaged higher than other brands in order to make their brand seem exclusive and more prestigious. For example, elite designers are able to transform a 10 pound t-shirt into a $200 desire after treasure (Chatpaiboon 2004). Recently, Hermes reported that customers were placed on a two-year waiting list for their most popular Birkin bag, which retails for $6000 (Branch 2004). On EBay, women engaged in bidding wars over a blue Birkin bag for which the master ultimately paid over $13,000 (Rose 2003).Many manufacturers have been successful in commanding a price premium for their brands. However, it seems that some designers and manufacturers have become victims of their own success. Once an elite brand has become so closely associated with status and prestige in the minds of consumers, it is only natural that other companies would want to imitate it (Rose 2003). Those who use brand imitating as a strategy to facilitate the adoption of their new product copy genuine characteristics of the original brand (Kotler and Keller 2007).Previous research has shown that consumers often use their existing perceptions of a brand to guess new offerings such a product or line extensions (Aaker and Keller 1990). Because it appears similar to the original brand, consumers will indeed transfer attributes of the original