Dreamers versus Workers and Their Humanity Essay

Dreamers versus Workers and Their Humanity - Essay Example The Cherry Orchard illustrates Chekhov's time, when feudalism shifted to capitalism and how it differentiated the dreamers from the workers, although Chekhov did not press judgment on these people, since he also believes that humanity is humanity because they are fraught with weaknesses. Chekhov's time represented the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Russia, which drastically altered the social class structure and contributed to the â€Å"defeat of the cultured elite†. He shows Madame Ranevskaya’s household as the â€Å"passing of the semifeudal existence of Russian landowners on their country estates†. Madame Ranevskaya composes the aging and fading Russian aristocracy, who slips into economic decline after centuries of upholding luxurious lifestyles. Another class emerges, nevertheless, the â€Å"semiliterate, ambitious middle class† that Lopakhin belongs to. Lopakhin has become wealthy because of his hard work, which the aristocrats lacked. He is part of the â€Å"workers† in the play. Lopakhin feels short of being part of the true, new upper class, however. He realises that he can never replace the upper class: â€Å"...you'll find I'm still a peasant down to the marrow of my bones† (Chekhov Act 1). This viewpoint may also be part of Chekhov's belief that the bourgeoisie is a class of its own that cannot fully usurp the ancient charm and sophistication of the former aristocracy. The characters depict Chekhov's idea that dreams are nothing without action. Madame Ranevskaya lives in the same dream that she is still wealthy. She sells her villa to have her daughter Anya go to Paris. Once there, they act as if they remain rich. Anya tells Varya: â€Å"We had dinner at a station; she asked for all the expensive things, and tipped the waiters one rouble each† (Chekhov 1). Instead of living within their means, Madame Ranevskaya continues her former wealthy lifestyle, which economically ruins her. Madame Ra nevskaya also wants to save the orchard from being sold and divided. She is emotionally attached to the orchard, which is why she cannot bear selling it. The cherry trees stood for their aristocrat â€Å"happiness,† a happiness which Chekhov felt when he tended to his own orchard (Vorob'eva 82). Madame Ranevskaya knows that they cannot rely on Gaev, because he is also a dreamer who does act to save the orchard. He wants to save the orchard though, because it stands for their erstwhile affluence. He mentions to Lopakhin that their cherry orchard was once mentioned in the Encyclopaedic Dictionary. The dictionary represents the extinction of aristocracy, who will only be remembered in the pages of history. Varya also dreams of Lopakhin's proposal, but the latter does not feel he deserves Varya. Varya expresses her bitterness to Anya: â€Å"But everybody talks about our marriage, everybody congratulates me, and there's nothing in it at all, it's all like a dream† (Chekhov 1). Indeed, these characters have various dreams that they never act on. Gaev illustrates the futility of dreaming:â€Å"I keep thinking and racking my brains; I have many schemes, a great many, and that really means none.† The play draws the difference between dreaming and realising those dreams. But dreaming is better than having no dreams at all. Chekhov shows that people with no aspirations are more deplorable than those who dream. Yephodov, who earned the nickname of two-and-twenty misfortunes because of his

Shame by. Dick Gregory and the Professor is a Dropout'' by. Beth Assignment

Shame by. Dick Gregory and the Professor is a Dropout'' by. Beth Jonhson - Assignment Example as an encouragement account, which relays young girl’s chronicle that based on the author learnt to read by the aid of her grandfather from childhood (Johnson). This culture of reading would later lay a foundation for her when everyone thought she was retarded thus unable to read. The love for her children and desire to see them succeed in life pushed to go back and improve her English. This account demonstrates that, with motivation and reading skill, anyone can drive his life to great success. From Shame, Richard was from a poor background and attracted to her classmate Helene Tucker (Gregory). The respect he felt for her greatly motivated her continually go to school despite numerous hardships he then experienced. His determination’s was evident by unequaled willingness in continually attempting to please through emulating her cleanliness even though he had only one pair of cloths. He would even brush his hair, which clearly shows that through admiration and respect to the people we look up to we, can change positively and strive ahead. Richard shame was for having no dad, being in the relief program and for being poor. This was worsened by his teacher’s comments that he had no dad while the whole class was listening. The teacher’s irresponsibility of not caring to find out why he was not concentrating in class but just termed him as stupid made the situation even more worse. This clearly shows how some people teach others to feel shameful through their words. This shameful feeling made Richards to lack the motivation he initially had to go to school. Contrary to this, the professor is a dropout is a story of encouragement where Quadalupe Quintanilla strived to be successful in life even when people termed as retarded. When we are motivated to give a little push in life we can achieve whatever we want. Her motivation was her children and with the skills for reading she acquired at a young age really helped her a lot. Hard work is yet another aspect

Electoral College Reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electoral College Reform - Research Paper Example There are other viewpoints as well but this discussion is going to focus on these topics. In the opinion of this author, Electoral College, even if it has certain flaws, provides the best compromise to ensure a federalist, all inclusive, judicious method to elect the American leadership. It is also proposed that instead of breaking down the system altogether, the flaws are addressed through other means. Context To set the stage for describing and placing arguments related to opinions on Electoral College Reform, it is essential to briefly describe the process. Electoral College is used to elect the President and Vice President of the United States. It is a form of indirect election in which the public casts their vote to elect â€Å"Electors† in their respective states. These Electors are authorized to eventually vote on their behalf to choose the President. The nationwide group of electors and the process through which this two tier voting takes place is called the Electoral College. Each state is allocated a number of electors equal to the state’s representation in the House of Representatives plus the Senate. This allocation is based on the census and this means that more populous states have more electors than the less populous ones. However, as a minimum, each state has three to four electors. Since it is binding on each elector to vote for their party’s candidate, the result for Presidential election becomes clear after the first tier of voting. The total electors at this time being 538, whoever gets past 270 electors, wins the election. In the first tier of direct voting, a winner-takes-all system is followed. This means that whichever party’s electors get more than 50% of votes cast in a particular state, all electors for that party go to the Electoral College. The debate In the past 200 years, there have been â€Å"more proposals for constitutional amendments on changing the Electoral College than on any other subject† ("How the Electoral College Functions"). Presidential elections in the year 2000 rekindled the long held debate about the efficacy and democratic nature of elections through the Electoral College. In that year, George W. Bush beat Al Gore through a very small margin of Electoral College votes despite the fact that Al Gore was leading in the popular vote count. The controversy that was raised was eventually decided in the Supreme Court which ruled to stop voter recounting and the Bush was consequently accepted as the winner. So, the question that became fresh in everyone’s minds was why in the future the Americans should not decide on their President through the more representative popular vote rather than through the indirect Electoral College? In the current system, a candidate can lose the elections through the Electoral College even if he or she has more cumulative nationwide popular vote. Gore lost the election because the electoral votes in the swing state of Florida e ventually went to Bush. Proponents of election through popular vote (Neale 2-3) present two arguments against the Electoral College method. Firstly, they claim that the idea of not considering popular national vote is against democratic principles. According to them, the intermediate step of Electoral College takes away the national voter’s franchise and that the choice for the person holding

Christian and Bible Fundamentalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Christian and Bible Fundamentalism - Essay Example Christian and biblical fundamentalism refers to aspects based on ideologies that oppose the other theories that explain the nature. Scientific theories have been developed to explain the origin of life and the earth. Christian and Bible fundamentalists believe that the earth was created in seven, twenty-four hour days. In addition, they believe that the other theories that explain the origin of the earth are based on false ideologies. They focus on the creation account contained in the book of Genesis in the Old Testament of the Bible. They oppose biological theories of life and consider the people who formulate them as being directed by the evil. Christian fundamentalists argue based on the literal interpretation of the Bible. In this essay, Christian and Bible fundamentalism will be analyzed in detail. Fundamentalism refers to the total adherence to the values and doctrines of Christianity with respect to the literal interpretation of the Bible (Barrett & Kurian 45). Fundamentalism developed from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, when the Protestant movement strictly opposed the application of Christian doctrines to the current theories of science and philosophy. Fundamentalism has resulted in social and economic problems. The development of Christian fundamentalism was accelerated by the Protestant movements in different countries. The aspect of fundamentalism developed from the United Kingdom and the United States of America in the 20th century. Christian and Bible fundamentalism started with the development of the social Gospel which was associated with the name of Walter Rauschenbusch in the United Kingdom (Gifford 2).

Implementation of Cold Ironing in the Port of Southampton, UK Dissertation

Implementation of Cold Ironing in the Port of Southampton, UK - Dissertation Example To carry out these processes, most ships switch off their main engines but leave their auxiliary engines running. Some even leave their main engines running throughout. The term is generally thought to originate from the era when steamships were powered by coal, with ‘cold ironing’ referring to the fact that when the ships were in port, the fires feeding the boilers were no longer fed with coal, and so the iron engines eventually went cold. Today, cold ironing refers to the increasing trend for ships to be powered when in port by being connected to an electricity supply on the shore. This is mostly seen as a way to reduce harmful gas emissions from the ships’ engines when they are in port. In recent decades, global trade has increased considerably year on year. In line with this, emissions from ocean-going ships have also increased, given that shipping is the main and most cost-effective way on transporting bulk goods internationally. Most ocean-going vessels aflo at today use bunker oil, or heavy furnace oil – a diesel fuel which is responsible for a considerable proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions. However, it is not just conventional greenhouse gases that are emitted. Some research, as will be discussed below, has suggested that particulate matter (PM), released in large quantities by the burning of bunker fuel, leads directly to health complications and premature death. Burning bunker fuel also produces nitrous oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SOx), both of them toxic. Talley (2009) states that the bunker fuel used in some ships has a sulphur content of 27,000 parts per million, compared to 15 parts per million in the fuel used by cars, and that oceangoing vessels contribute 5-30% of the SOx in coastal areas (p.164). Therefore, in order to reduce the risks to people living close to large ports, the feasibility of cold ironin

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26

Research Paper Example However, marked differences can be observed between the film adaptation and the original short story despite both of them being based on similar subjects. This paper will attempt to highlight the differences between the two - The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Sleepy Hollow – and will try to compare the two based on elements including plot, characterization, and theme. It is quite common that books being adapted into films lack consistency. While the author may have chosen to present the story line in a different manner, there are many aspects of the story that are not retained during film making. Similar is the case with the film, Sleepy Hollow, which although follows largely the same story line, but differs on the basis of several aspects. The plot for a large part follows the similar super natural scheme as the original short story. The para-normality is one aspect of the original plot that is particularly retained including the use of the same time period. This adds a tinge of horror in the film. For the most part, the plot is changed where Ichabod works in forensics as part of the police while the original story depicted Ichabod as a teacher. This change significantly affects the story line where Ichabod instead of being stupefied becomes determined to find the truth behind the horse rider. The story is extended to include the depiction that the headless horse rider is actually a ghost of a mercenary who died during the revolutionary war. Then follows a story where Ichabod attempts to uncover the truth behind the apparition of the headless horse rider. The change in the story line produced several changes into the characterization of Ichabod, Brom, Katrina, and the inclusion of other characters. In the short story, Ichabod’s character is displayed as having many flaws despite being a strong character. Ichabod while

Marketing project Essay Example for Free

Marketing project Essay Cadbury plc is a confectionery and beverage company with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom, and is the worlds largest confectionery manufacturer. The firm was formerly known as Cadbury Schweppes plc before demerging in May 2008, separating its global confectionery business from its Americas beverage unit, which has been renamed Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. In 1825, John Cadbury began vending tea, coffee, and (later) chocolate at Bull Street in Birmingham in the UK and sometimes in India. The company was later known as Cadbury brothers. After John Cadburys retirement, his sons, Richard and George, opened a major new factory at Bourneville. Over the years many mergers and acquisitions were undertaken. The biggest merger came in 1969. Cadburys merged with drinks company Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes in 1969. With this merger, besides chocolate confectionary, Cadbury entered into the drinks business with brands such as Snapple, Mistic and many more. In May 2008, Cadbury Schweppes split its business into two separate entities: one focusing on its main chocolate and confectionery market; the other on its U. S. drinks business. Thus the firm was renamed Cadbury plc and the beverage unit, was renamed Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. Cadbury plc operates in over 60 countries. They work with around 35,000 direct and indirect suppliers and employ around 50,000 people. Cadbury India Ltd: Cadbury India Limited is a 51% subsidiary of Cadbury Plc, UK. Cadbury India Ltd began its operations in 1948 by importing chocolates and then re-packing them before distribution in the Indian market. After 60 years of existence, it today has five company-owned manufacturing facilities at Thane, Induri (Pune) and Malanpur (Gwalior), Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales offices (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkota and Chennai). It has its cocoa operations at Cochin. The corporate office is in Mumbai. The 4P’s of cadbury 1. Product :- Objective: A Dairy Milk in every pocket. Sizes: Dairy Milk comes in many sizes, the smallest being a 3. 5 gms pack. The most widely sold packs are the 3. 5gm, 12gm and 28gm packs. The smaller packs were introduced mainly to make Dairy Milk affordable to rural population and the lower and lower middle class of the urban areas. Variants: CDM has many variants around the world. The ones available in India are – plain, Fruit Nut, Roasted Almond, Crackle, Desserts, Wowie, Bournville. Packaging : CDM is available in ‘Purity Seal’ packaging which includes aluminium foil enclosed in a sealed poly-flow pack. Larger CDMs are available in poly-coated, heat-sealed aluminium foil wrapped in the branded outer package. The company believes that these steps are the ‘first ever’ in chocolate packaging in India. Labelling: Swirls in the new Cadbury logo give ‘milk goodness’ cues. Cadbury logo enlarged as a stamp of quality. Dairy Milk brand is endorsed across all variants. It has a ‘Glass and Half Full Milk’ logo with a Purplised background. Overall strategy: Over the years CDM has implemented line stretching suitably and successfully. Cadbury has employed a two-way stretch strategy. CDM has sought the task of universalising consumption from the smallest town in India to the largest metro and from the youngest child to the oldest adult. CDM has become richer and smoother, has strategically employed ‘master-branding’ or megabranding on packaging to bring the entire moulded range under the CDM umbrella and at the same time it has enhanced child connect to compete more effectively with the increased range in sugar confectionery and other impulse products like branded potato chips. 2. Price : Objective: Maximize sales (double the turn over) and profit and increase market share of CDM. It wants to double its turnover by 2010, which calls for a growth rate of over 20 per cent annually. Since CDM is Cadbury’s biggest brand its sales figures are going to be crucial in doubling the turnover. So Cadbury wants to get more people to eat more chocolate, which calls for making it more affordable and being more innovative. Moreover the chocolate segment is characterized by high volumes, low margins and price sensitivity. So the only way to achieve a high turnover is by increasing sales and so pricing strategy is of prime importance. Strategy: market penetration pricing – they have clearly used market penetration pricing. To penetrate the market they didn’t reduce their prices. Instead they introduced smaller packs with lower prices (5Rs). They offered products at affordable price points so as to increase its market penetration. This strategy worked for them as the most revenue is generated on sale of these smaller – low priced packs. Thus their strategy worked. Appealing to a broader range of consumers is at the heart of their plan. So the penetration strategy is appropriate for rural segments and lower income segments. But the higher income segments in urban areas associate price with quality. For this segment price acts as a signal for quality and size as a symbol of affluence. So the small sized low priced packs would not appeal to them. Moreover these low prised packs would not be appropriate for the gift segment either. Furthermore Cadbury is a big brand with high brand equity. Sometimes low prices can damage the brand name. Keeping that in mind Cadbury has caters to the urban segment by bigger 15 Rs and 40 Rs packs on plain Dairy Milk. Also the almond and nutty variants are targeted at the teenagers and urban rich at a premium price. The same variants in bigger sizes and at much higher prices are targeted towards the gift segment. Combination of larger packs, expensive variants and premium pricing is the strategy employed to attract the rich. 3. Promotion : Objectives: Leverage further the brand name Cadbury (chocolate = Cadbury) and the brand name Dairy Milk. Target a new broader segment. To leverage the Cadbury label, the company has been doing aggressive advertising and promotions. Promotion budget is decided as percentage of sales. Cadbury spends about 12-13 % of sales revenues on advertising. 70 % of this budget is being spent above the line and 30 % is spent below the line. Their budgets are fair because they don’t need to invest to create awareness as the brand is fairly well known and has a huge market share and consumer base. But at the same time CDM is still in its growing stage implying that there are still more people CDM can target by advertising. Also CDM has no major rivals and enjoys the no. 1 position but increase in easy availability of imported chocolates could lead to competitive advertising requiring larger budgets. Cadbury only uses non-personal communication channels such as advertising, sales promotion, and events and experiences. A brand like Cadbury would not require personal selling. Advertising (above the line promotions): Objective: To give people NOVEL reasons to celebrate and celebrate it with CDM. To target more people and larger segments. Reminding the consumer and reinforcing the brand are implied objectives. Advertisements for Cadbury Dairy Milk have been dominated by use of emotional appeals. These adverts have made a conscious effort to communicate values of chocolate at the highest experiential level. Sales promotion (below the line promotions): Sampling and Give-Aways: For new products i. e. new variants Cadbury gives out samples at malls, cafes etc. This is done over and above a massive advertising campaign and a grand launch. This was done for its dark chocolate variant. Point-of-Sale Promotion and Displays: Cadbury India Ltd rolled out a slew of customised marketing and communication initiatives at the retail end. The purple package and now the glossy purple package has forever been a very attractive feature of CDM prompting customers to choose the vibrant purple over other brands. 4. Place: Outlet location: The decision for location of retail shops is a very simple one for Cadbury. They should be everywhere. Outlets must to accessible because people will not too far from home for a 10 Rs chocolate (with the exception of rural areas). Moreover there must be suitable outlets for different segment. Thus the outlets must range from an exclusive chocolate shop in an A grade mall to an ordinary kirana shop. So the retail outlets in urban areas include pan-shops, kirana shops, chemists, departmental stores, super markets malls etc. Retail outlets in rural areas only include the kirana shops and chemists and to a certain extent the pan-shops. Small eateries in rural areas are also known to stock chocolates. Keeping up the non-traditional route: CIL plans to sell Cadbury products through non-traditional outlets like music stores (such as MusicWorld), renowned bookstores and popular apparel outlets (such as Pantaloons and Wills Sport boutiques). Hence Cadbury clearly implements Intensive Distribution by using a large number of intermediaries at all the levels especially the retail level. Channels of distribution: Objective: To reduce total channel cost and to improve the quality of the supply-chain i. e. ensuring safe handling of CDM at the retailer end. First thing to consider is that Cadbury uses a pull strategy. Intermediaries are of great importance in pull strategies. Cadbury might spend a lot on advertising and attract a great number of customers, but all will be in vain if the intermediaries don’t keep sufficient stocks to meet the demands. Cadbury uses a vertical marketing channel with 2- levels i. e. the wholesaler and retailer. In retail they have store-retailing. Cadbury has over 2100 distributors and over 7 lakh retailers who sell over 1 million Cadbury Dairy Milk bars every day. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis for Cadbury and CDM Strengths: It has a strong brand name and brand equity and a significant amount of trust and loyalty from consumers. ? It has Strong leadership position in confectionary markets and the chocolate market not only in India but world over. Cadbury and CDM both have a rich product mix. Cadbury India Limited has strategic as well as monetary support from the parent Cadbury Plc. It has 200 years of experience in chocolate making. Cadbury is not completely reliant on just chocolate products. It has a well balanced portfolio which includes leading brands across the chocolate, sugar, confectionery, chewing gum segments to name a few. Weaknesses: Lack of launch of new brands in Chocolates segment. They have introduced more and more variants of CDM but have not introduced anything new in the market. This implies that their R D section is not at its strongest. ? Vulnerability to raw material price fluctuations. Low melting point. Opportunities: New product launches especially healthy chocolates. More collaborations or co-brandings like the one with Disney for Wowie. ? The market for traditional sweets in India is worth 11,000 Cr. Even a small share of this market could prove to be very profitable. ? Improving the istribution channels to improve the quality of service and to increase profit margins. Using information and technology to bring efficiency in logistics and distribution. Threats: Growing Health Concerns among people is leading to lower consumption of sugar and fat. ? Threats from new entrants in the market (foreign chocolate). Some of these new entrants are huge brands with deep pockets. ? The company has large exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk, mainly on account of imported cocoa beans and cocoa butter in US Dollar and Pound Sterling.